Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the basic purpose of a network?
to make connections
What is the term given to a network transporting multiple types of traffic?
converged network
Networks are defined by
Geography
Topology
Resource location
Based on the geographic dispersion of network components, you can classify network into various categories, including …. (list in book)
Local area network (LAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
Campus area network (CAN)
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Personal area network (PAN)
Wireless local area network (WLAN)
Storage area network (SAN)
What is a network overlay?
An overlay network is a virtual or logical network that is created on top of an existing physical network.
What is a network underlay?
underlay network is physical infrastructure above which overlay network is built
What does IEEE stand for?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
which is an internationally recognized standards body
Describe a LAN (local area network)
A LAN interconnects network components within a local area
What are some examples of common LAN technologies?
Ethernet and wireless networks
IEEE for ethernet
802.3
IEEE for wireless networks
802.11
What is the distance limitation of a LAN?
Usually 100 meters or less
a room or a building
Describe a WAN (wide area network)
A WAN interconnects network components that are geographically separated.
What are some example of WAN technologies?
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Why might a WAN be used?
a corporate headquarters might have multiple WAN connections to remote office sites
What is the scale of a WAN?
state, country, global
a few miles to thousands of miles
Describe a SAN (storage area network)
high-speed, highly reliable network for the express purpose of transmitting stored data
Which two geographical categories are the most common?
WAN and LAN
Describe a CAN (campus area network)
Individual LANs that were also interconnected
The interconnection of LANs creates a campus area network
CAN (beside campuses) can be used in industrial parks and business parks
What is the scale of a CAN?
Cluster of buildings
Usually a mile or less
Describe a MAN (metropolitan area network)
A CAN is more widespread than a CAN but less than a WAN
A MAN interconnects locations scattered throughout a metropolitan area.
What is the scale of a MAN?
city
usually a few miles or less
Describe a PAN ( personal area network)
A PAN is a network whose scale is even smaller than a LAN
For example, a connection between Bluetooth headphones and a cell phone.
What is the scale of a PAN?
Human
a few meters
What is a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN)
provides a simple policy and profiles approach to managing the WAN
it also provides tool that enable new levels of visibility into and control over the use of the varied WAN circuits in the typical enterprise today
Why is a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) growing in popularity as a WAN technology?
due to MPLS’s capability to support multiple protocols on the same network
Give a description of a client/server network
a collection of PCs all sharing files stored on a centralized server
Give a description of a peer-to-peer network
PCs operating system configured for file sharing, they could share files from one another’s hard drives
peers make resources available to other peers
Client/server networks are commonly used by
business
Is administration simpler on client/server or peer-to-peer networks?
client/server because resources are found on one or more servers, administration is simpler than administration of network resources on multiple peer devices.
The performance of a client/server network can be better than that of a peer-to-peer network because
resources can be located on dedicated servers rather than on a PC running a variety of end-user applications.
Can backup be done easier on client/server or peer-to-peer?
client/server because you can simplify backups because fewer locations must be backed up.
Client/Server – Client devices share a common set of resources located on one or more dedicated server. What would be the benefit of this and what is the drawback?
Benefit -> Can scale easily -might require the purchase of additional client licenses
Drawback -> Because multiple clients might rely on a single server for their resources, the single server can become a single point of failure in the network.
Administration is simplifies in client/server because…
parameters such as file-sharing permissions and other security settings can be administered on a server as opposed to on multiple clients
Which cost more client/server or peer-to-peer?
Client/server networks can cost more than peer-to-peer networks.
Describe peer-to-peer network
peer-to-peer networks allow interconnected devices to share their resources with one another
Where do peer-to-peer networks tend to be used?
smaller businesses and in homes
As the number of devices increases in a peer-to-peer, the administration burden _______.
increases
Compared to client/server, peer to peer are _____ to be installed. Why?
Easier
because resource sharing is made possible by the clients’ operating systems, and knowledge of advanced networking operating systems is not required
Peer to peer cost less because
there is no requirement for dedicated server resources or advanced NOS software
Why is performance not the best in a peer to peer?
Because devices providing network resources might be performing other tasks not related to resource sharing
A network that has a mixture of client/server and peer to peer characteristics is called what?
hybrid network
The actual traffic flow determines the
logical topology
The way components are physically interconnected determines the
physical topology
What does MAU stand for?
media access unit
Describe the bus topology
typically has a cable running through the area that requires connectivity, and devices that need to connect to network tap into this cable
What connectors does the bus topology use?
T connector (used in older 10BASE2 networks) or a vampire tap (used in older 10BASE5 networks)
A bus and all devices connected to that bus make up a network segment. Why would this be bad?
A single network segment is a single collision domain, which means that all devices connected to the bus might try to gain access to the bus at the same time, resulting in an error condition known as a collision.
One cable is used per network segment in a bus. What are the benefits and drawbacks if there are any?
Benefit -> less cable is needed
Drawback -> Because a single cable is used per network segment, the cable is potentially a single point of failure
Is troubleshooting a bus topology difficult because…
problem isolation might require inspection of multiple network taps to make sure they either have a device connected or are properly terminated
Scaling with a bus topology is difficult because…
adding devices to a bus might cause an outage for other users on the bus
all devices on the bus share bandwidth available
What happens if two devices request access to the bus?
an error condition results
Ring topology
traffic flows in a circular fashion around a closed network loop (that is, a ring)
A ring topology send data how?
in a single direction to each connected device until the intended destination receives the data `
What is counter-rotating rings?
a ring topology made of two rings that send data in opposite directions
What is one benefit of counter-rotating rings?
If a fiber broke, the stations on each side of the break could interconnect their two rings to create a single ring capable of reaching all stations on the ring
If a ring topology had a single ring what would it risk?
a single point failure
Each device on a ring includes both a receiver and a transmitter. What are the benefits and drawbacks of this?
Trouble shooting is simplified in the event of a cable break because each device on a ring contains a repeater.
Rings have scalability limitations. Specifically, a ring has a maximum length and a maximum number of attached stations.