Chapter 4

Question 1

Precipitation

Answer 1

Formation of a solid

Question 2

Acid-base neutralization

Answer 2

Formation of H2O (liquid) or a gas

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Homogeneous mixture that contains solute and solvent

Question 4

Solute

Answer 4

Material dissolved in the solvent to produce the solution (you have less of it)

Question 5

Solvent

Answer 5

The major component of the mixture (determines the phase)

Question 6

Electrolyte

Answer 6

An aqueous solution that contains ions

Question 7

Strong electrolyte

Answer 7

Solute dissolved in solution are all ions (100% dissociation)

Question 8

Identifying strong electrolytes

Answer 8

Strongly conduct electricity, all ionic compounds, strong acids, and strong bases

Question 9

Weak electrolyte

Answer 9

Solute dissolved in solution are some ions and some intact neutral molecules (not 100% dissociation)

Question 10

Identifying weak electrolytes

Answer 10

Weakly conduct electricity, weak acids and weak bases

Question 11

Non-electrolyte

Answer 11

Solute dissolved forms no ions in solution (0% dissociation)

Question 12

Identifying non-electrolytes

Answer 12

Don’t conduct electricity, molecular compounds (covalent compounds)

Question 13

7 strong acids

Answer 13

HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3, HNO3

Question 14

Full ionic equation

Answer 14

Shows how substances actually exist in solutions (split aqueous electrolytes; don’t split electrolytes of the other phases)

Question 15

Net ionic equation

Answer 15

Shows what species actually react (remove spectator ions from full ionic equation)

Question 16

Spectator ions

Answer 16

Ions that do not participate in the reaction (appear the same on both the reactant and product side of full ionic equation)

Question 17

Acid

Answer 17

A substance that can donate H+

Question 18

Base

Answer 18

A substance that can donate OH-

Question 19

Strong bases

Answer 19

Group 1A metal hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH), group 2A metal hydroxides (Ca(OH)2)

Question 20

The only weak base we need to know for Chem 1210

Answer 20

Ammonia (NH3)

Question 21

Oxidized

Answer 21

A substance that loses electrons (oxidation number increases)

Question 22

Reduction

Answer 22

A substance that gains electrons (oxidation number decreases)

Question 23

The oxidation number of an element in its elemental form (H2, O2, Fe, Mg)

Answer 23

0

Question 24

Oxidation number of a monatomic ion

Answer 24

Its charge (H+ is 1+, Zn2+ is 2+)

Question 25

Sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound or polyatomic ion always equals…

Answer 25

Its overall charge
(NO3)-
N + (-2 • 3) = -1
N = 5+

Question 26

Reducing agent

Answer 26

The reactant that is oxidized

Question 27

Oxidizing agent

Answer 27

The reactant that is reduced

Question 28

Molarity equation

Answer 28

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Question 29

Dilution

Answer 29

A process where more solvent is added to a solution, thus decreasing the overall concentration (moles of solute remain the same, but volume increases, which is what decreases the concentration)

Question 30

Dilution of solutions equation

Answer 30

M(i) • V(i) = M(f) • V(f)