Chapter 4 Flashcards
Types of orders
Day order (default) vs. good til cancelled (GTC)
Stop order => at threshold, order becomes market order
Buy stop order: equivalent of sell stop order if you’re shorting a stock
Stop limit order: instead of stop order becoming a market order after election, it becomes a limit order.
VWAP: volume weighted average price
All or none: not displayed in market
Immediate or cancel: whatever is not filled is cancelled
Fill or kill
Not held: carte blanche to broker
Market on close/ on open: if not executed => cancelled. Partial exec is possible.
A FOK order combines an all-or-none (AON) specification indicating it must be filled entirely with an immediate-or-cancel (IOC) timeframe.
Priority
Priority (time) / Precedence (size) / Parity (split)
What can Designated Market Maker do and not do? (purchase price & types of orders not accepted)
can purchase above bid and sell below ask
can’t accept market orders, NH, IOC, FOK, immediately executable limit orders
What is the Inside market?
highest bid & lowest offer (excludes stop & AON orders)
What is a Do not reduce (DNR) order?
Buy limit & Sell stop GTC orders are by default reduced by the dividend amount. A DNR order is not.
What is the Super Display Book?
NYSE
electronic order routing and execution system that sends orders straight to DMM for execution, bypassing floor broker (who is used for more institutional orders)
Rule 203: when can’t a BD accept client’s short sale order?
if security isn’t borrowed or easy to borrow.
Sell order marked long: delivery restrictions? exemptions?
BD must deliver by settlement date and can’t borrow the securities to deliver, except if another customer failed to deliver or if the securitiy is being loaned to another BD.
Rule 204: how long does BD have to close out failures to deliver or client failures to deliver?
BD must close out failures to deliver by T+3
BD must close out customer failures to deliver after 35 days
What is a Threshold security?
A threshold list, also known as a Regulation SHO Threshold Security List, is a list of securities whose transactions failed to clear for five consecutive settlement days at a registered clearing agency.
-registered
-aggregate fail to deliver position of 10k shares for 5 consecutive settlement days and position > 0.5% of issuer’s securities
-included on the threshold security list by SRO
What happens if a BD has a fail to deliver in a threshold security?
If a BD has a fail to deliver in a threshold security for 13 consecutive settlement days, it must close out the position by buying securities of a like kind and quantity on the 14th day.
How often should a BD file short interest report?
2x / month
What is a block trade and what can’t block positioners do?
$500k or more
Block positioners can’t trade on a plus tick during last 20mn of trading day (except if info barriers between desks => separate trading dpt can trade)
What is trading along?
Rule 92 => BD can’t copy trades of customer (if prior knowledge of order) (except if written permission of institutional customer)
What is front running?
Front running: if BD copies trade before executing & reporting the customer’s block trade
When are circuit breakers put in place?
can’t short stock if price decline >10% vs. previous day close
CB if S&P falls 7, 13 or 20% in a day (level 1, 2, 3 resp)
Limit Up Limit Down rule
Upper & lower bands based on preceding 5mn
If price moves outside bands and if stock doesn’t trade at or inside limit price within 15sec, trading is paused for 5mn
Who acts as a market maker in OTC markets?
OTC => no DMMs => BDs act as MMs
MM on NASDAQ: obligations?
once approved to quote a security by FINRA, must provide a quote within 5 days
must display quotes under its MPID from 9.30 to 4
MM on OTC: requirements? exemptions?
-must have 10K, 10Q & 8K of issuer + offering circular 40d + prospectus 90d
-Form 211 filed by MM at least 3 biz days before entering a quote
Exemption if:
- unsolicited customer order
- piggybacking another dealer’s quote
- current info designation by qualified interdealer quotation system
What is Piggybacking a quote? What is timeframe?
OTC security quoted > 1 day => BD can enter same quote
What are Locked & crossed markets? What are implications for MM?
Locked: bid = ask price
Crossed: new bid (ask) is higher (lower) than the ask (bid)
MMs can’t enter quotes that lock or cross
What is the NASDAQ market center execution system?
order acceptance system to input market orders routed to inside market dealers for automatic execution
NMCES => Inside Market Dealers
How are NMCES orders executed? (priority)
execution of orders at quoted price for all MMs at that price, then execution of their reserves
How can MM enter new quotes on NMCES?
MM can enter new quotes:
-manually
-automatically (Automatic Quote Refresh - one price level up from worst quote)
-summary basis (several quotes in system)
What is order shredding?
BD can’t split order that could be entered in NMCES to increase fees
What are Electronic Communication Networks?
-display and execute third party orders
- classified as ATS
-bypass MMs, OTC
-included in NASDAQ quote system but not required to maintain two sided market like an MM
-don’t take a position
-order entry (only display quotes and enter/accept orders) or full participation (can also accept automatic executions)