Chapter 4

Question 1

Brain vs Heart debate

Answer 1

a historical debate as to whether teh heart of te brain is responsible for mental processes, such as thought, emotion and behaviour.

Question 2

Mind-body problem

Answer 2

a question as to whether our mind is seperate and distinguishable from our body or whether they are one integrated entity

Question 3

Dualism

Answer 3

the belief that the mind and the body are seperate and distinguishable from one another

Question 4

monism

Answer 4

the belief that the human mind and body are together as a single complete entity

Question 5

Phrenology

Answer 5

• the study of the shap enad size of teh human skull to determine personality and mental functioning
• thought that different mental functions are in different parts of the brain
  -“the larger the organ the more developed that faculty”

Question 6

Brain Ablation

Answer 6

the sugical removal of brain tissue tested on animals

Question 7

brain lesioning

Answer 7

the practice of damaging/studying the effects of damage to an area of the brain

Question 8

Cerehral hemispheres

Answer 8

the symmetrical halves of the cerebrum in the brain

Question 9

Corpus callosum

Answer 9

bundle of nerve fibres that connect the left and right hemispheres

Question 10

hemispheric specialisation

Answer 10

the difference in functioning between the left and right hemispheres of the brain when performing a specfic task

Question 11

split brain research

Answer 11

• cut the corpus callosum to stop hemispheres communicating
• information from thr right vidual field was sent to the left hemisphere and vive versa

Question 12

Neuroimaging

Answer 12

a range of techniwues used to capture images o the brain’s structure, function and activities

Question 13

CT scan

Answer 13

-computerised tomography
-taking continuous 2D x-ray images of a persons brain which then can be staked to create a 3D image
- must ingest a contrast dye
- structural

Question 14

MRI

Answer 14

-magnetic resonance imaging
- used magnetic and radio fields ot capture 2D and 3D images
- structural

Question 15

PET

Answer 15

-positron emission tomography
- uses scanning device to take coloured images of the brain by tracking the activity of radioactive glucose
- must be injected with a solution and have to perform certain tasks
- functional

Question 16

fMRI

Answer 16

• functional magnetic resonance imaging
• uses magnetic and radio fields to take 2D and 3D images of the brain and record its activity levels by tracking oxygen in the brain
  -high quality images
• must perform tasks
• functional

Question 17

Brain

Answer 17

a complex organ contained within the skull that coordinates mental processes and behaviour and regulates bodily activity

Question 18

Brain Stem

Answer 18

an extension of the spinal cord which is made up of the medulla, pons and midbrain

Question 19

Hindbrain

Answer 19

region at the base of the brain
controls - basic survival, sleep-wake, breathing, heart rate, digestion, muscle movement
contains - pons, medulla, cerrebellum, some brainstem

Question 20

Midbrain

Answer 20

region at the centre of the brain
controls - relaying messages, filtering and directing sensory information, alertness, arousal
Is part of the brainstem

Question 21

Forebrain

Answer 21

large and prominent region at the top and front of the brain
controls - complex mental process, mainting homeostasis, attention, processes sensory information
contains - cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 22

Cerebellum

Answer 22

• monitor and coordinate skeletal muscle movement
• balance and posture
• contains 70 billion neurons

Question 23

Medulla

Answer 23

• homeostasis
• breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion

Question 24

Pons

Answer 24

• Relay information between different brain areas
• unconscious processes (sleeping, dreaming, waking, blinking)

Question 25

Reticular formation

Answer 25

- filter, integrate and relay neutral information - regulate physiological aroudal and alertness through the reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 26

Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex

Answer 26

- coordinating sophisticated mental processes - performing complex functions

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

- regulates internal processes - maintains homeostasis

Question 28

Thalamus

Answer 28

- information about senses, excluding smell - relays motor signals between higher and lower brain