Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is an Arrhenius Acid?
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H+ (H3O+) in water.
Example: HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-
What is an Arrhenius base?
An Arrhenius base is a substance that produces OH- in water.
Example: NH3 + H2O ⇔ NH4+ + OH-
What is a Brønsted acid?
A Brønsted acid is a proton donor. A Brønsted acid must contain at least one ionizable proton!
What is a Brønsted base?
A Brønsted acid is a proton acceptor.
What is a monoprotic acid?
A monoprotic acid is an acid that donates only one proton or hydrogen atom per molecule to an aqueous solution.
Examples: HCl, HNO3
What is a diprotic acid?
A diprotic acid is an acid that has two protons or hydrogen atoms per molecule to donate to an aqueous solution.
Example: H2SO4
What is a triprotic acid?
A triprotic acid is an acid that has three protons or hydrogen atoms per molecule to donate to an aqueous solution.
Example: H3PO4
What is a neutralization reaction?
A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which acid and base are reacted together resulting in salt and water.
What does an oxidation half reaction involve?
Losing electrons.
What does a reduction half reaction involve?
Gain electrons.
What is a combination reaction?
Two or more substances combining to make one compound.
What is a decomposition reaction?
The breakdown of a substance into two or more components.
What is a combustion reaction?
A substance reacting with oxygen and usually producing heat or light.
What is a displacement reaction?
A reaction in which an atom (or ion) in a compound is replaced by another atom (or ion) of a different element.
What is a disproportionate reaction?
A disproportionate reaction involves an element becoming simultaneously oxidized and reduced.
What is concentration?
The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.
What is dilution?
Dilution is the process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution.
What is gravimetric analysis?
Gravimetric analysis is the identifying of an unknown substance by dissolving it in water and reacting it with a known substance to form a precipitate, which is then filtered, dried, and weighed. This chemical formula and mass of the precipitate to make discoveries about the unknown ion.
What is titration?
Titration is the process of gradually adding a solution of accurately known concentration to another solution of unknown concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete. Titration can be used in the analysis of acid-base reaction and redox reactions.
Define equivalence point
The equivalence point is the point at which the reaction is complete (in a titration).
Define indicator
An indicator is a substance that changes color at (or near) the equivalence point (in a titration).
