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Psychology 1102 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two research methods used in Development

A

Longitudinal and Cross Sectional

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2
Q

What is the Longitudinal research method

A

Choose one group of subjects and follow that group over a long period of time

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3
Q

What is the cross sectional research method

A

Recruit subjects from different ages and divide them into groups based on age and test them all once.

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4
Q

What is continuous development

A

Development occurs bit by bit, gradual

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5
Q

What is stages or discontinuous development

A

multiple stages, every stage theres a major change

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6
Q

What is a critical period

A

When you need to experience certain things to be and to develop properly and gain abilities

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7
Q

What is nature

A

DNA, genes, heredity

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8
Q

What is nurture

A

All other factors that have nothing to do with DNA

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9
Q

What are epigenetic changes

A

Factors in environment that are going to influence gene expression

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10
Q

Where is fertilization most likely to take place

A

Fallopian tubes

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11
Q

What is the Gestation period

A

Duration of pregnancy

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12
Q

What are the 3 stages of birth

A

Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal

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13
Q

How long does the germinal stage last

A

10-14 days

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14
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy

A

When the baby grows in the fallopian tubes and not the uterus

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15
Q

How long does the embryonic stage last

A

Week 3-8

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16
Q

What happens in the embryonic stage

A

Placenta forms, brain starts to form, arms and legs start to develop

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17
Q

How long is the Fetal stage

A

Week 9-end of pregnancy

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18
Q

What happens in Fetal stage

A

muscles get stronger, bones solidify, sulci and gyri develop

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19
Q

What is sulci

A

grooves in the brain

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20
Q

What is gyri

A

bumps in the brain

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21
Q

Are babies underestimated by parents and medical doctors, if so why

A

They think they are nothing but flesh and skin but they are actually attentive and pay super good attention, can recognize faces

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22
Q

What are the methods of studies used on babies

A

brain waves, sucking responses, orienting reflex, habituation

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23
Q

What is a schema

A

Mental representation of someone or something

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24
Q

What is assimilation (Schema)

A

If info is the same we will absorb it into the schema without changing anything

25
Q

What is accomadation (Schema)

A

new experiences that are different from our schema, we have to change or create a new schema so we can make the new info fit in the schema

26
Q

What is equilibration (Schema)

A

when what is in the real world fits our schema

27
Q

What is disequilibration

A

when what is in our schema does not fit in the world

28
Q

What are the 4 stages of development

A

Sensorymotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, formal operational

29
Q

How long does sensory motor stage last

A

0-2 years old

30
Q

What happens in sensory motor stage

A

baby uses senses and motor skills to learn

31
Q

How long does preoperational stage last

A

2 years old - 7 yo

32
Q

What happens in preoperational stage

A

Animism, Symbolism, literal thinking, egocentrism

33
Q

Do children have major limitations in the preoperational stage

A

Yes, they can do 3+2 but cant do 2+3

34
Q

How long does concrete operational stage last

A

7-12 years old

35
Q

What happens in concrete operational stage

A

Perform mental operations, understand conversation, go through major transformative principles

36
Q

What are the major transformative principles

A

identity, compensation, and inversion

37
Q

How long does the formal operational stage last

A

12 y/o and up

38
Q

What happens in formal operational stage

A

more sophistacated thinking, self talk, scaffolding

39
Q

Are attachment bonds to caregivers essential?

A

Yes

40
Q

Insecure resistant is what

A

baby is uncomfy and want to stick to mom, when stranger leaves he’s distressed and is angry with mom for leaving

41
Q

Insecure avoidant is what

A

he is indifferent to mother or stranger, when she comes back he ignores her

42
Q

insecure disorganised is what

A

He uses resistant and avoidant style, when mom comes back he goes to her but then turns around

43
Q

What stage do we enter when in adolescence, 1, 2, 3 or 4?

A

4

44
Q

According to Kholberg, what are the 3 stages of moral development

A

Preconventional, Conventional and Postconventional

45
Q

What is preconventional moral

A

self interest, any action that benifits moral

46
Q

What is convetional moral

A

What guides moral action are the rules, values, regulations

47
Q

What is postconventional moral

A

Personal values are moral, anything else is immoral

48
Q

What are the different types of identities

A

Identity diffusion, foreclosed identity, psychosocial moratorium and identity achievement

49
Q

What is identity diffusion

A

confusion, do not try and explore different ones

50
Q

What is foreclosed identity

A

do not take the time to explore, adapt for ourselves and do what our family wants us to do.

51
Q

What is psychosocial moratorium

A

Exploring a variety of identities goals and values, do not commit to any

52
Q

What is identity achievement

A

choose one identity and stick to it

53
Q

What is the importance of peers

A

Babies who have postitive interactions with others tend to be more popular and have easier access to groups and friends

54
Q

What does dimentia kill

A

neurons

55
Q

What type of neurons are the first ones killed

A

Acetylcholine

56
Q

What are tangles

A

form inside neuron and kill neuron on the inside

57
Q

What are plaques

A

form outside neuron and kill neuron from outside

58
Q

Do womans brains shrink faster and earlier

A

no, mens do

59
Q

What is the wisdom paradox

A

Cognitive functions but the brain is wiser when you are older

Psychology 1102 (3 decks)

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