chapter 4 Flashcards
what are the two factors that affect having lower or higher crime
community
situational
define community factors
involve certain social aspects of neighborhoods that motivate persons to break the law or obey it
social disorganization theory (Shaw and McKay 1942 )
neighborhoods that are disorganized are highly at risk for crime
high rates of residential instability
freidson and sharkey
confirmed that disorganization neighborhoods result to crime/ they don’t have strong institutional ties
what are some aspects of community factors
community disadvantages
no strong institutional resources
level collective efficacy
high levels of stress of parental stress
urban neighborhood generates alienations and despair
define situational factors
involve certain physical aspects of neighborhoods and elements of social interaction that helps foster criminal behavior and victimization or conversely, inhibit criminal behavior and victimization
routine activities theory (rat)
crime is more likely to occur when three factors occur, those being: motivated offenders, attractive targets, victims absence of guardianship.
routine actives theory explains…
variations/ types of crime and changes in crime rates
what are are two additional factors for rat
alcohol and illegal drugs
biochemical efforts
why is alcohol is the number one drug for violent behavior
bars and drinking settings can get into fights
less able to exercise causation (potential victim)
suggestions- underage, alcohol on Sunday
what are reasons for single family head household
Biological parents - dead
Biological parents- divorced (big player)
Biological parents - not got married
what is the former child
the oldest sibling
what is the latter child
youngest sibling
which sibling commits more crime
the former is the one that commit more crime
social bond theory
strong attachments prevents delinquent behavior, weak bonds lead themselves to criminal behavior
low self control
leads to crime and delinquency
families characterized by high levels of inter-parental conflict
involves verbal and physical aggression
children = early conduct problems and chronic forms of delinquency
what discipline form equals better behaved kids
authoritative discipline
what is authoritarian discipline
involves harsh discipline. characterized by set clear but fair rules
erratic discipline
involves discipline that can be reasonable one day and overly harsh the next day
lax discipline
overly permissive allows things happen
what can parental supervision do
-Reduce delinquency and other behavioral problems if you have effective discipline strategies
-Ineffective supervision helps increase the potential for these problems
-The evidence on parental discipline and supervision again holds significant implications for crime prevention strategies
crime reduction effect
attending college
age
Persons 15-30 years of age, comprise one fifth of the us population but are response able for one half of all arrest
Brain development ends at age 25
gender
Male versus female
-Four fifths are commit by males
Violent crimes
Property crime
-¾ are committed by males
social class
bais
street crimes
white collar crime
race and ethnicity
-controversial subject
-street crimes and African Americans are arrested more
-police racial bias offending
