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MCAT General Chemistry > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Molecular & Empirical Formula

A

Similarities: Contain same elements in same ratios

Differences: Molecular formula give actual number of atoms of each element in compound. Empirical formulas give ratio and may or may not give actual number of atoms

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2
Q

Combination Reaction

A

Occur when two or more reactants combine to form one product
* 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O

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3
Q

Neutralization Reactions

A
  • Type of double-displacement reactions
  • Acid reacts with base to form a salt (usually water)
  • Al(OH)3 +H3PO4 = 3H2O + AlPO4
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4
Q

Decomposition Reactions

A

Occur when one reaction is chemically broken down into 2+ products
* 2H2O = 2H2 + O2

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5
Q

Double-Displacement (Metathesis)

A

Occur when elements from two different compounds trade places with each other to form two new compounds
* NaNO3 + CuOH = NaOH + CuNO3

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6
Q

Single-Displacement

A

Occurs when an ion of one compound is replaced with another element
* Zn + AgCl = ZnCl + Ag

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7
Q

Percient Yield

A

actual yield / theoretical yield * 100

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8
Q

Electrolytes

A

Contain equivalents of ions fom molecules that dissociate in solution
* Strength depends on its degree of dissociation/solvation
* Ex: HCl, MgBr2

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9
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4 3-
Anion

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10
Q

Hypochlorite

A

ClO -
Anion

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11
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 +
Cation

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12
Q

Phosphide

A

P 3-
Anion

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13
Q

Bicarbonate

A

HCO3 -
Anion

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14
Q

Nitrite

A

NO2 -
Anion

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15
Q

Chromium (II)

A

Cr 2+
Cation

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16
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Made of atoms held together by ionic bonds
* Ionic bonds associate charged particles with lage differences in electonegativity
* Large arrays of ions in crystalline solids
* Electrons not shared byt donated from less electronegative atom to more electronegative atom

17
Q

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

A

Transfer of electons
Changes from + oxidation state to neutral and other changes from netural to + oxidation state

18
Q

Combustion Reaction

A

Occurs when fuel and oxidant (usually O) react forming products of water and carbon dioxide (if fuel is hydrocarbon)

MCAT General Chemistry (12 decks)

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