Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the three parts to the Cell Theory?

Answer 1

• Cells are the basic unit of life
• All living things have cells
• Cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Who pieced together the Cell Theory?

Answer 2

Schleiden Schwann and Virchow in the 1800’s

Question 3

What does prokaryotic mean?

Answer 3

before nucleus

Question 4

Examples of Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 4

bacteria and archaea

Question 5

In a prokaryotic cell, where is DNA located?

Answer 5

DNA is located in a nucleoid

Question 6

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed internal organelles

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

Most prokaryotic cells have cells walls outside the ____ _______

Answer 7

plasma membrane

Question 8

Many prokaryotic cells have a ____ for movement

Answer 8

flagella

Question 9

On the interior of a prokaryotic cell, they contain _______ and storage granules

Answer 9

ribosomes

Question 10

Fimbriae

Answer 10

hairs on the outside of the cell

Question 11

Storage Granule

Answer 11

stores the cell’s energy (bigger than a ribosomes)

Question 12

Flagellum

Answer 12

tail on the cell for movement

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

protein and energy source

Question 14

Cell wall

Answer 14

strong wall that protects and supports the cell

Question 15

Plasma Membrane

Answer 15

soft wall that regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell and communicates with other cells

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

squiggly lines that provide the basis for their genetic information

Question 17

Nuclear area

Answer 17

in between the squiggly lines that stores their genes on chromosomes and still regulate their DNA

Question 18

Capsule

Answer 18

sticky outermost layer that helps the prokaryotes cling to each other and prevent the cell from drying out

Question 19

Organelles in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 19

Fimbriae, Storage granule, flagellum, ribosome, cell wall, plasma membrane, DNA, nuclear area, capsule

Question 20

What does eukaryotic cells mean?

Answer 20

true nucleus

Question 21

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 21

characterized by highly organized and specialized membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

contains DNA and is the control center of the cell

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

part of the cell outside the nucleus

Question 24

Cytoskeleton

Answer 24

allows a larger size than prokaryotes

Question 25

Who used an early microscope to view cork cells under a microscope?

Answer 25

Robert Hooke

Question 26

Who used a microscope to view living cells active in "pond water"?

Answer 26

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 27

Eukaryotic cells are much like living versions of a modern ____.

Answer 27

factory

Question 28

The eukaryotic cell can be divided into two major parts, what are they?

Answer 28

nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 29

The cytoplasm or ____ is the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus, liquid.

Answer 29

cytosol

Question 30

Organelles

Answer 30

specialized structure that preforms a specific function "little organ"

Question 31

Prokaryotic cells have _____ as well, even though they do not have a nucleus

Answer 31

cytoplasm

Question 32

The nucleus contains all the cell's DNA and with it, the coded instructions for making _____ and other important molecules

Answer 32

proteins

Question 33

Nuclear envelope

Answer 33

what the nucleus is surrounded by

Question 34

Nuclear envelope has pores made of _____, selectively permeable

Answer 34

lipoproteins

Question 35

Nuclear pores

Answer 35

allows material to move into and out

Question 36

Chromosomes

Answer 36

contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next (chromatin)

Question 37

Nucleolus

Answer 37

where the assembly of ribosomes begins. makes rRNA and tRNA

Question 38

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 38

Sorts, chemically alters, modifies, and packages important molecules made from the E.R. . accepts and releases incoming vesicles from the E.R. materials are either stored in the cell or secreted outside the cell. stack of closely apposed membranes

Question 39

Chloroplasts

Answer 39

capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food energy that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis (has too membranes and contains chlorophyll)

Question 40

Mitochondria

Answer 40

Power plant of the cell that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use; does cellular respiration ; Has an inner and outer membrane, found in cytosol

Question 41

Vacuoles

Answer 41

store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates plants - have a single, central vacuole animal/unicellular - contractile vacuoles and vesicles freshwater organisms have contractile vacuole

Question 42

Lysosomes

Answer 42

small organelles filled with enzymes that remove "junk" that might otherwise accumulate/clutter the cell, breakdown lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, and breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

Question 43

Centrioles

Answer 43

play an important role in cell division (make new cells) ; found in cells of animals and most protists

Question 44

Cytoskeleton

Answer 44

give their shape and internal organization by filaments. Support structure and transportation; transport materials within a cell, move entire cells

Question 45

Microfilament

Answer 45

threadlike structures and support the cell, allow cell movement (small)

Question 46

microtubules

Answer 46

maintain cell shape, movement within a cell, form centrioles (large)

Question 47

Centrioles

Answer 47

help cell division

Question 48

Microfilaments and microtubules are two of the principal protein filaments that make up the _____.

Answer 48

cytoskeleton

Question 49

What are the major features of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 49

cilia (filter) and flagella (movement) move the cell through fluid or move fluid