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Biology 10 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three parts to the Cell Theory?

A
  • Cells are the basic unit of life
  • All living things have cells
  • Cells come from pre-existing cells
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2
Q

Who pieced together the Cell Theory?

A

Schleiden Schwann and Virchow in the 1800’s

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3
Q

What does prokaryotic mean?

A

before nucleus

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4
Q

Examples of Prokaryotic Cells

A

bacteria and archaea

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5
Q

In a prokaryotic cell, where is DNA located?

A

DNA is located in a nucleoid

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6
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed internal organelles

A

FALSE

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7
Q

Most prokaryotic cells have cells walls outside the ____ _______

A

plasma membrane

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8
Q

Many prokaryotic cells have a ____ for movement

A

flagella

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9
Q

On the interior of a prokaryotic cell, they contain _______ and storage granules

A

ribosomes

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10
Q

Fimbriae

A

hairs on the outside of the cell

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11
Q

Storage Granule

A

stores the cell’s energy (bigger than a ribosomes)

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12
Q

Flagellum

A

tail on the cell for movement

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13
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein and energy source

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14
Q

Cell wall

A

strong wall that protects and supports the cell

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15
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

soft wall that regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell and communicates with other cells

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16
Q

DNA

A

squiggly lines that provide the basis for their genetic information

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17
Q

Nuclear area

A

in between the squiggly lines that stores their genes on chromosomes and still regulate their DNA

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18
Q

Capsule

A

sticky outermost layer that helps the prokaryotes cling to each other and prevent the cell from drying out

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19
Q

Organelles in a prokaryotic cell

A

Fimbriae, Storage granule, flagellum, ribosome, cell wall, plasma membrane, DNA, nuclear area, capsule

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20
Q

What does eukaryotic cells mean?

A

true nucleus

21
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

characterized by highly organized and specialized membrane-enclosed organelles

22
Q

Nucleus

A

contains DNA and is the control center of the cell

23
Q

Cytoplasm

A

part of the cell outside the nucleus

24
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

allows a larger size than prokaryotes

25
Q

Who used an early microscope to view cork cells under a microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

26
Q

Who used a microscope to view living cells active in “pond water”?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

27
Q

Eukaryotic cells are much like living versions of a modern ____.

A

factory

28
Q

The eukaryotic cell can be divided into two major parts, what are they?

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

29
Q

The cytoplasm or ____ is the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus, liquid.

A

cytosol

30
Q

Organelles

A

specialized structure that preforms a specific function “little organ”

31
Q

Prokaryotic cells have _____ as well, even though they do not have a nucleus

A

cytoplasm

32
Q

The nucleus contains all the cell’s DNA and with it, the coded instructions for making _____ and other important molecules

A

proteins

33
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

what the nucleus is surrounded by

34
Q

Nuclear envelope has pores made of _____, selectively permeable

A

lipoproteins

35
Q

Nuclear pores

A

allows material to move into and out

36
Q

Chromosomes

A

contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next (chromatin)

37
Q

Nucleolus

A

where the assembly of ribosomes begins. makes rRNA and tRNA

38
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Sorts, chemically alters, modifies, and packages important molecules made from the E.R. . accepts and releases incoming vesicles from the E.R. materials are either stored in the cell or secreted outside the cell. stack of closely apposed membranes

39
Q

Chloroplasts

A

capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food energy that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis (has too membranes and contains chlorophyll)

40
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power plant of the cell that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use; does cellular respiration ; Has an inner and outer membrane, found in cytosol

41
Q

Vacuoles

A

store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
plants - have a single, central vacuole
animal/unicellular - contractile vacuoles and vesicles
freshwater organisms have contractile vacuole

42
Q

Lysosomes

A

small organelles filled with enzymes that remove “junk” that might otherwise accumulate/clutter the cell, breakdown lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, and breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

43
Q

Centrioles

A

play an important role in cell division (make new cells) ; found in cells of animals and most protists

44
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

give their shape and internal organization by filaments. Support structure and transportation; transport materials within a cell, move entire cells

45
Q

Microfilament

A

threadlike structures and support the cell, allow cell movement (small)

46
Q

microtubules

A

maintain cell shape, movement within a cell, form centrioles (large)

47
Q

Centrioles

A

help cell division

48
Q

Microfilaments and microtubules are two of the principal protein filaments that make up the _____.

A

cytoskeleton

49
Q

What are the major features of Eukaryotic cells?

A

cilia (filter) and flagella (movement) move the cell through fluid or move fluid

Biology 10 (2 decks)

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