Chapter 2

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The basic unit of matter

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

Smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

Substance formed by a chemical combination of two or more elements

Question 5

Mixture

Answer 5

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together

Question 6

Ion

Answer 6

Positively and negatively charged atoms (cation and anion)

Question 7

Potential Energy

Answer 7

stored energy

Question 8

Kinetic Energy

Answer 8

energy in motion

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

the center of an atom

Question 10

Electron

Answer 10

Negatively charged particle, found outside an atoms nucleus

Question 11

Neutron

Answer 11

Neutral charged particle, found inside an atoms nucleus

Question 12

Proton

Answer 12

Positively charged particle, found inside an atoms nucleus

Question 13

Matter

Answer 13

has mass and takes up space

Question 14

Energy

Answer 14

The ability to do work

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons

Question 16

What do 97% of compounds present in living things contain?

Answer 16

CHOPNS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulfur

Question 17

What is a proton’s location, charge, and mass

Answer 17

nucleus, +, 1 A.M.U>

Question 18

What is a neutron’s location, charge, and mass?

Answer 18

nucleus, 0, 1 A.M.U.

Question 19

What is an electron’s location, charge, and mass?

Answer 19

electron cloud, - , 0 A.M.U.

Question 20

When doing electron placement in energy levels, what’s the maximum number of electrons in the first level?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

When doing electron placement in energy levels, what’s the maximum number of electrons in the second level?

Answer 21

8

Question 22

When doing electron placement in energy levels, what’s the maximum number of electrons in the third level?

Answer 22

18

Question 23

The atoms in compounds that are held together by various types of ______

Answer 23

Chemical bonds

Question 24

Valance Electrons

Answer 24

The electrons that surround each atomic nucleus and that are available to form bonds

Question 25

Ionic Bond

Answer 25

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 26

Covalent Bond

Answer 26

The moving electrons travel about the nuclei of both atoms

Question 27

Single Covalent bond

Answer 27

When the atoms share two electrons

Question 28

Water is an example of a _____ bond because each hydrogen atom shares two electrons with the oxygen atom.

Answer 28

Single covalent

Question 29

How many covalent bonds are required for Sulfur

Answer 29

2 bonds

Question 30

How many bonds are required for Carbon

Answer 30

4

Question 31

How many covalent bonds are required for nitrogen

Answer 31

3

Question 32

How many covalent bonds are required for Oxygen

Answer 32

2

Question 33

How many covalent bonds are required for hydrogen

Answer 33

1

Question 34

Organic Chemistry

Answer 34

contains the element "carbon"

Question 35

Inorganic Chemistry

Answer 35

Does not contain the element "carbon"

Question 36

Solutions

Answer 36

ions gradually become dispersed in the water and break away (ex - crystals of table salt in water)

Question 37

Solute

Answer 37

the substance that is dissolved (ex - sugar)

Question 38

Solvent

Answer 38

the substance in which the solute dissolves in (ex - H2O)

Question 39

Suspension

Answer 39

mixture of water and nondissolved material (ex - human blood)

Question 40

True or False: Some atoms have a stronger attraction for electrons that do other atoms

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Van der Waals forces

Answer 41

slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Question 42

What is water's polarity?

Answer 42

Neutral

Question 43

oxygen's end of a water molecule has a slight ____ charge

Answer 43

negative

Question 44

Hydrogen's end of the water molecule has a slight _____ charge

Answer 44

positive

Question 45

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 45

Attraction between a hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another

Question 46

True or False: Hydrogen bonds are not as strong as covalent or ionic bonds

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Cohesion

Answer 47

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 48

Cohesion can cause .....

Answer 48

water molecules to be drawn together (ex. water beads) and produce surface tension (ex. insects walk on water)

Question 49

Adhesion

Answer 49

attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 50

Examples of adhesion

Answer 50

- water in a graduated cylinder (meniscus) - causes water to rise in a narrow tube against the force of gravity

Question 51

Capillary Action

Answer 51

water rising against the force of gravity

Question 52

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 52

water's heat capacity, the amount of heat energy required to increase its temperature, is relatively high

Question 53

H+

Answer 53

hydrogen ion

Question 54

OH-

Answer 54

hydroxide ion

Question 55

pH

Answer 55

the concentration of H+ ions in solution

Question 56

Acids

Answer 56

has more H+ than pure water ,below 7, stronger closer to 0

Question 57

Bases

Answer 57

has more -OH than pure water, above 7, strongest closer to 14

Question 58

Buffers

Answer 58

weak acids or bases that prevent sharp changes in pH

Question 59

Adding acid to an unbuffered solution causes...

Answer 59

the pH of the unbuffered solution to drop and become an acidic pH

Question 60

Adding acid to a buffered solution will cause...

Answer 60

a slight change in pH and create a basic pH