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Microbiology > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryote

A

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

Eukaryote

A

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

characteristics of life

A

movement and irritability, reproduction and heredity, growth, metabolism, cell support, transport of nutrients and waste

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4
Q

3 types of flagella

A

filament, hook, basal body

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5
Q

filament

A

thin helical structure made with protein flagellin

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6
Q

hook

A

curved sheath

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7
Q

basal body

A

stack of rings firmly anchored in cell wall

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8
Q

runs

A

smooth linear movement toward a stimulus (counterclockwise)

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9
Q

tumbles

A

flagellar rotation reverses, causing the cell to stop and change its course (clockwise)

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10
Q

periplasmic flagella

A

Internal flagella enclosed in the space between the outer sheath and the cell wall peptidoglycan

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11
Q

periplasmic flagella function

A

Produce cellular motility by rotation

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12
Q

Fimbrae

A

bristles emerging from the cell surfaces, helps with adhesion to other cells

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13
Q

pili

A

found in gram negative cells, joins bacteria cells for DNA transfers

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14
Q

Glycocalyx

A

The external surface of a plasma membrane that is important for cell-to-cell communication

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15
Q

slime layer glycocalyx

A

loosely organized and attached

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16
Q

capsule glycocalyx

A

highly organized, tightly attached

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17
Q

biofilms

A

Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and to environmental surfaces.

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18
Q

Why are biofilms dangerous

A

Can cause chronic infections, can be resistant to some chemicals

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19
Q

cell envelope

A

includes cell membrane, cell wall, and glycocalyx; external covering

20
Q

peptidoglycan

A

the primary component of the cell wall

21
Q

gram negative stain

A

red/pink; thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane, 2 periplasmic spaces, less penetrable, has lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides

22
Q

gram postive stain

A

purple; no outer membrane, teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids, more penetrable

23
Q

Nontypical Cell Walls

A

Some bacterial groups lack typical cell wall structure

24
Q

characteristics of nontypical cell walls

A

Gram-positive cell wall structure with lipid mycolic acid; Pathogenicity and high degree of resistance to certain chemicals and dyes; Basis for acid-fast stain used for diagnosis of infections caused by these microorganisms; Some have no cell wall

25
Q

cell membrane

A

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

26
Q

cell cytoplasm

A

Dense gelatinous solution of sugars, amino acids, and salts

27
Q

cell cytoplasm characteristics

A

Serves as solvent for materials used in all cell functions; 70-80% water

28
Q

bacterial chromosome

A

circular thread of DNA that contains the cell’s genetic information

29
Q

plasmids

A

small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome

30
Q

Ribosomes

A

make 60% ribosomal RNA, site of protein synthesis

31
Q

prokaryotic ribosomes

A

smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes

32
Q

inclusions and granules

A

intracellular storage bodies, vary in size, number, and content, bacterial cell can use them when environmental sources are depleted

33
Q

bacterial cytoskeleton

A

proteins aid in support and shape; simpler than that in eukaryotes

34
Q

endospores

A

Inert, resting, cells produced by some G+ genera; resistant to ordinary cleaning and boiling methods

35
Q

Vegetative cell

A

metabolically active and growing

36
Q

Sporulation

A

endospore formation; can withstand extreme environments

37
Q

bacteria shape and arrangement

A

coccus, bacillus, spirillum

38
Q

coccus

A

round bacteria

39
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod shaped bacteria

40
Q

Spirillum

A

spiral shaped bacteria

41
Q

book on bacterial classification

A

bacteria taxonomy- Bergen’s Manuel

42
Q

domains of bacteria

A

Archaea and Bacteria

43
Q

archaea

A

related more to eukaryotes than bacteria, unique membrane lipids and cell walls, adapts to heat, salt, pH, lives in all conditions

44
Q

species

A

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals

45
Q

strain

A

species derived from parent with different structures from that species; mutant

46
Q

type

A

difference in antigenic makeup, susceptibility to bacterial viruses and pathogenicity

47
Q

cyanobacteria

A

eukaryote, carries out photosynthesis, unicellular and multicellular

Microbiology (3 decks)

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