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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of microbiology

A

study of organisms too small to be seen without a microscope

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2
Q

What are some useful aspects of microbiology?

A

identify how microorganisms cause disease, discover cures for diseases, industrial purposes

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3
Q

What is thought to be the origin of microbes?

A

4 billion years ago in a hot chemical rich broth

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4
Q

How are microbes involved in energy and nutrient flow?

A

help the flow of energy and food through the earth’s ecosystems, ie. photosynthesis, decomposition

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5
Q

What can our knowledge of microorganisms help humans accomplish?

A

produce food, make new drugs, creating new agricultural products

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6
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

introducing microorganisms to other forms of life to consume and break down pollutants/ remedy an environmental problem

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7
Q

What is genetic engineering? What are some useful aspects of genetic engineering?

A

manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products

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8
Q

What are pathogens? How many pathogens are there? Worldwide, how do they affect humans?

A

microbes that do harm; around 2,000 different microbes, one billion infections worldwide; includes HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza measles

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9
Q

What are the basic characteristics of microorganisms?

A

unicellular, multicellular, cell clusters

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10
Q

What are the six types of microorganisms?

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths (worms), algae

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11
Q

What size are bacteria? Viruses? Other microbes?

A

bacteria: 0.2-2.0 μm, viruses: 20-200 nm, other: 1-5 μm

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12
Q

What are some examples of lifestyles of microorganisms?

A

majority are relatively harmless, essential to life, live everywhere

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13
Q

What are some prominent discoveries by microbiologists?

A

aseptic techniques to reduce microbes, germ theory

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14
Q

Who first observed microorganisms using a rudimentary microscope?

A

Antonio van Leeuwenhoek

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15
Q

What is the scientific method? How is it useful?

A

An approach to explain a phenomenon; it either supports or refuses a hypothesis after extensive research and experiments

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16
Q

What is the germ theory of disease? What did its discovery cause to happen?

A

diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in body, not by sin, poverty, ect.

17
Q

What are endospores? What is sterilization? Who discovered endospores?

A

allows bacteria to a cell to preserve the genetic material in times of stress; process that removes and kills pathogens or other forms of life ; endospores discovered by Koch

18
Q

Who noticed that a home birth was safer than a hospital birth?

A

Oliver Wendell Holmes

19
Q

Who advocated hand washing between autopsies and delivering babies?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

20
Q

Who advised the use of disinfectants to prevent surgical infections?

A

Joseph Lister

21
Q

List at least three contributions that Pasteur made to early microbiology.

A

demonstrated the germ theory of disease, disapproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms, developed pasteurization (heating liquid to kill pathogens)

22
Q

spontaneous generation

A

forms of life arise from decomposing matter or forces present in non-living substances

23
Q

What is biogenesis

A

life comes from similar life forms

24
Q

What discoveries did Koch make? What are Koch’s postulates?

A

sequence of experiments that verified the germ theory

25
Q

Know what a scientific name consists of and how to write it correctly.

A

binomial nomenclature (specific name); genus: capitalized, species lowercase

26
Q

Why is taxonomy important?

A

organizes all living things

27
Q

levels of classification

A

domain, kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, species

28
Q

Know defining characteristics of each of the following groups: bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes.

A

bacteria- true bacteria, archaea- microbes that live in extreme environments, eukaryotes- have nucleus and organelles

Microbiology (3 decks)

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