Chapter 4

Question 1

Cajal

Answer 1

Discoveries on axons and braincells

Question 2

Dandy

Answer 2

Developed pneumoencephalography: removal of cerebrospinal fluid and replace with air

Question 3

CT/CAT scan

Answer 3

Cormack and Hounsfield invented this.

See brain tissue through slicing images

Question 4

SPECT and PET

Answer 4

Radioactive particles bind to specific neurons for imaging. Used to depict functional processes.

Question 5

MRI

Answer 5

Mansfield and Lauterbur invented MRI imaging. Shows blood flow to certain areas when active.
High resolution. Can see white and grey matter very well.

Question 6

MEG

Answer 6

Magnetic field and event-related optic signals use infrared light to measure brain activity. Measures magnetic fields generated by neurons. Better spatial resolution than EEG

Question 7

Structural imaging

Answer 7

Mostly CT and MRI used. MRI can determine volume of the brain and other structural information.

Question 8

Volumetry

Answer 8

Calculation of the volume of the brain.

Question 9

Voxel based morphometry

Answer 9

Measures density of the brain

Question 10

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Answer 10

Produces diffusion scan with water molecules. White matter pathways can be reconstructed

Question 11

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

Answer 11

Provides information about concentration of certain molecules in the brain

Question 12

Functional imaging

Answer 12

Uses MRI and EEG

Question 13

EEG

Answer 13

Electrodes pick up electrical fields. Average signal (ERP) provides information about the time and strength of neural reaction

Question 14

MEG

Answer 14

Magnetic field and event-related optic signals use infrared light to measure brain activity. Measures magnetic fields generated by neurons. Better spatial resolution than EEG

Question 15

fMRI

Answer 15

High spatial but low temporal resolution.