Chapter 4

Question 1

“…” Tried to find a science of man

Answer 1

David Hume

Question 2

David Hume was not a typical enlightened philosopher in saying that: reason …

Answer 2

Reason is a slave to passion

Question 3

Theory on causes by David Hume. Made of three factors:

Answer 3

(Spatial) Contiguity: That two events are conjoined in space in some way.

(Temporal) Priority: The event we perceive as the cause comes before the event we perceive to be the effect in time.

Constant conjunction: There is a very strong correlation between two events. In other words, the two events happen together. Combined with the first idea, then, the effect takes place after the cause on numerous occasions from observation.

Question 4

In the case of free will, David Hume says:

Answer 4

We are victims of our own passions

Question 5

“…” Our beliefs are merely best guesses derived from our habitual passions. Knowledge is an illusion of the imagination.

Answer 5

David Hume

Question 6

Transcendental questions by Immanuel Kant

Answer 6

Questions involved in the cognition of objects, rather than the objects themselves

Question 7

Different kinds of knowledge by Kant

Answer 7

Analytic: Adds no knowledge

Synthetic: Not obvious or purely logical. But adds knowledge

a prior: to be true by reason

a posterior: true by sense experience

Question 8

2 types of the world by Immanuel Kant

Answer 8

Noumenal & Phenomenal

Question 9

“…” We have to assume we are ‘free’ to act morally

Answer 9

Immanuel Kant

Question 10

Results of the 4 logical states of knowledge by Kant

Answer 10

Stage 1: manifold of sensations

Stage 2: manifold of appearances

Stage 3: manifold of experiences

Stage 4: systematic knowledge

Question 11

“…” Our cognition doesn’t have to conform to the objects, but the objects have to conform to our cognition.

Answer 11

Immanuel Kant