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IT Networking Tech > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Two broad categories of cables:

A

Copper wire and fiber optic

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2
Q

Main differences between copper wire and fiber optic cables

A

Composition of signals (electricity or light)

Speed at which signals can be sent

Distance the signals can effectively travel

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3
Q

Bandwidth rating

A

number of bits per second that can be transmitted across a medium

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4
Q

Encoding

A

how bit signals are represented on the medium (one factor determining bandwidth)

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5
Q

Maximum segment length

A

maximum length of cable between two network devices

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6
Q

Attenuation

A

when signals begin to weaken beyond what can be read by a receiving device

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7
Q

Cable segment

A

cable between two network devices

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8
Q

Criteria for choosing Network Media

A

1: Bandwidth rating
2: Maximum segment length
3: Interference and Eavesdropping Susceptibility
4: Cable grade
5: Connection Hardware
6: Ease of installation
7: Testability
8: Total cost

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9
Q

Forms of interference to electrical signals on copper media

A

Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

Radio frequency interference (RFI)

Motors, transformers, fluorescent lights, and other sources of intense electrical activity can emit both EMI and RFI

RFI can also affect wireless networks if the frequencies are in the same range

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10
Q

Crosstalk

A

interference one wire generates on another wire when both wires are in a bundle

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11
Q

Difference in susceptibility between copper wire and fiber optic cable

A

Copper wire is susceptible to electronic eavesdropping

Fiber-optic media carries light signals and is not susceptible to interference or eavesdropping

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12
Q

Cable rating

A

Buildings and fire codes include specific cabling requirements

Cables ran between a false ceiling and the true ceiling (plenum) must be plenum-rated

UTP Cabling is marked as communication cable riser (CMR) or communication cable plenum (CMP)

CMR can only be used for building risers or in cable trays

CMP is suitable for use in plenum spaces

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13
Q

Connection hardware

A

Every cable has connectors that influence what hardware it can connect to

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14
Q

Ease of installation factors

A

Media’s minimum bend radius, which limits the angle at which a cable can be bent to run around corners

Cost and time needed to terminate the medium

Physical environment - types of walls and ceilings, EMI or RFI

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15
Q

Testability

A

A network that “works” might be crippled by excessive errors

It is important to certify whether the cable meets requirements for its category

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16
Q

Total cost

A

includes cabling, connectors, termination panels, wall jacks, termination tools, testing equipment, and time

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17
Q

Coaxial cable

A

Once was the predominant form of network cabling

Inexpensive and easy to install

Started to phase out in the early 1990s

Still used primarily in connecting a cable modem to the wall outlet your cable TV/internet provider installs

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18
Q

Twisted-Pair Cable

A

Comes in two types: shielded and unshielded

Consists of one or more pairs of insulated strands of copper wires twisted around one another and housed in an outer jack

The more twists per unit length, the better resistance to EMI and crosstalk, the more expensive it is, and the more twisted TP provides a better pathway for higher bandwidth networks

19
Q

Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable

A

Most networks use UTP

Consists of four pairs of insulated wires

Rated according to categories devised by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), and American National Standards Institutes (ANSI)

Categories 1-6a are accepted in US

Two additional categories aren’t yet TIA/EIA standards and may never be in the US (Category 7 and 7a which specify that each wire pair is shielded and are accepted in Europe)

20
Q

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

A

Includes shielding to reduce crosstalk and interference

Has a wire braid inside the sheath material or a foil wrap

Best to use in electrically noisy environments or very high-bandwidth applications

21
Q

Twisted-Pair Cable Plant components

A

RJ-45 Connectors

Patch Cable

Patch Panels

Distribution racks

22
Q

RJ-45 Connectors

A

STP and UTP uses registered jack 45 (RJ-45)

most commonly used in patch cables, which are used to connect computers to hubs, switches, and RJ-45 wall jacks

23
Q

Patch cable

A

short cable for connecting a computer to an RJ-45 wall jack or connecting a patch-panel port to a switch or hub

Can be made with with inexpensive tools, 2 RJ-45 plugs and a length of TP cable

24
Q

Patch Panels

A

used to terminate long runs of cable from where the computers are to the wiring closet (where the switches and hubs are)

25
Q

Distribution racks

A

hold network equipment such as routers and switches, plus patch panels and rack-mounted serves

Also called 19” racks because the upright rails are 19” apart

26
Q

Structured cabling

A

specifies how cabling should be organized, regardless of the media type of network

Large networks typically use most or all of these:
Work area
Horizontal wiring
Telecommunication closets
Equipment rooms
Backbone or vertical wiring
Entrance facilities
27
Q

Work area

A

where workstations and other user devices are located

Faceplates and wall jacks are installed in the work area, patch cable connects computers and printers to wall jack

28
Q

Horizontal wiring

A

runs from the work area’s wall jack to the telecommunication closet

Wiring from the wall jack to the patch panel should be no longer than 90 meters

29
Q

Telecommunications closet

A

provides connectivity to computer equipment in nearby work area

typical equipment includes patch panels to terminate horizontal wiring runs, hubs, and switches

30
Q

Intermediate Distribution Frame

A

A Telecommunications closet that houses the cabling and devices for work area computers

31
Q

Equipment room

A

houses servers, routers, switches, and other major network equipment and serves as a connection point for backbone cabling

32
Q

Main distribution frame (MDF)

A

an equipment room that’s the connection point between IDF’s

An MDF can be the main cross-connect for the entire network or may serve as the connecting point for backbone cabling between buildings

Each building often has its own MDF

33
Q

Backbone cabling

A

interconnects IDFs and MDFs

Runs between floors or wings of a building and between buildings

Frequently fiber-optic cable but can also be UTP if the distance between TCs is less than 90 meters

34
Q

Entrance Facility

A

the location of the cabling and equipment that connects a corporate network to a third-party telecommunications provider

Can also serve as an equipment room and the man cross-connect for all backbone cabling

where a connection to WAN is made

35
Q

Demarcation Point

A

point where corporate LAN equipment ends and a third-party provider’s equipment and cabling begins

36
Q

Cable termination

A

putting RJ-45 plugs on the ends of cable or punching down wires into terminal blocks on a jack or patch panel

37
Q

Two standards when making a cable or terminating a cable at a jack or patch panel

A

568A and 568B

38
Q

Straight-through cables

A

Standard patch cables (same wiring standard on both sides)

39
Q

Crossover cables

A

use 568A standard on one side of the cable and 568B standard on the other side

Crosses the transmit and receive wires so that that they transmit on one end connects to the receive on the other

Often needed when you connect two devices of the same type to one another

For a 1000BaseT crossover cable, you have to cross the blue and brown pins because they’re used in 1000BaseT

40
Q

Medium dependent interface (MDI) devices

A

transmit on pins 1 and 2, receive on pins 3 and 6 (PC NICs and routers are examples)

41
Q

MDI crossed (MDI-X) devices

A

receive on pins 1 and 2, transmit on pins 3 and 6

when two switches (or any other like devices) need to be connected, you use a crossover cable so that transmit and receive wires get crossed

42
Q

Why are there 2 transmit and 2 receive wires?

A

Because each pair has one negative and one positive signal. This helps mitigate the effect of crosstalk and noise on the cable

43
Q

Fiber-Optic Cable

A

Bits are transmitted as pulses of light instead of electricity

Immune to electrical interference

Highly secure (electronic eavesdropping is eliminated)

Composition:
A slender cylinder of glass fiber called the core is surrounded by a concentric layer of glass called the cladding

Fiber is then jacketed in a thin transparent plastic material called the buffer

IT Networking Tech (8 decks)

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