Chapter 4

Question 1

Nightingale proposed nursing as:
A. An extension of the environment.
B. An art and a science.
C. Empirical science.
D. Physician’s handmaiden.

Answer 1

B. An art and a science.

Question 2

Nightingale defined a nurse as any woman who had “charge of the personal health of somebody” whether well, as in caring for babies and children, or sick, as an “invalid” (Nightingale, 1860/1969). It was assumed that:
A. All women, at one time or another in their lives, would nurse.
B. All women needed to know the laws of health.
C. Nursing proper, or “sick” nursing, was both an art and a science and required organized, formal education to care for those suffering from disease.
D. All of the above

Answer 2

D. All of the above

Question 3

The goal of nursing as described by Nightingale is to:
A. Work collaboratively with the physician to implement the medical orders.
B. Take care of the patient’s environment by cooking, cleaning, and scrubbing the floors.
C. Assist the patient in his or her retention of “vital powers” by meeting his or her needs, thus putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon.
D. Give the patient medicine when the medicine is due.

Answer 3

C. Assist the patient in his or her retention of “vital powers” by meeting his or her needs, thus putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon.

Question 4

Nightingale isolated five environmental components essential to an individual’s health. Select the correct grouping from the following:
A. Calming colors, quiet, comfortable temperature, clean air, pure water.
B. Clean air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, light.
C. Light, color, sound, smell, temperature.
D. Pure food, clean water, cleanliness, quiet, calming color.

Answer 4

B. Clean air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, light.

Question 5

In Nightingale’s mind, the specific “scientific” activity of nursing that was the central element in health care, without which medicine and surgery would be ineffective, is which of the following:
A. Preparing nutritious meals.
B. Maintaining an aesthetic environment.
C. Maintaining hygiene.
D. Sustaining a quiet environment.

Answer 5

C. Maintaining hygiene.

Question 6

In the mid-19th century, there were two competing theories regarding the nature and origin of disease. These competing theories were:
A. Localization and specificity.
B. Contagionism and quarantine.
C. Vectorism and pollution.
D. Atmosphere and environment.

Answer 6

B. Contagionism and quarantine.

Question 7

According to Nightingale, a nurse is defined as:
A. The handmaiden of the physician.
B. A member of the moral majority.
C. Any woman who had charge of the personal health of somebody, whether well or sick.
D. An individual who felt a calling to take charge of the sick.

Answer 7

C. Any woman who had charge of the personal health of somebody, whether well or sick.

Question 8

The patient is at the center of the Nightingale model and incorporates:
A. A holistic view of the person.
B. Psychological, intellectual, and spiritual components.
C. A unique individual filled with chattering hopes and advice.
D. A & B.
E. All of the above.

Answer 8

D. A & B.

Question 9

According to Nightingale, health is viewed as:
A. An additive process.
B. The result of environmental, physical, and psychological factors.
C. The absence of illness.
D. A & B.
E. All of the above.

Answer 9

D. A & B.

Question 10

Cultural feminism is defined as:
A. The idea that women are a product of the culture.
B. A belief in inherent gender differences.
C. The emancipation of women as a cultural fad.
D. The corruption of women by masculine politics.

Answer 10

B. A belief in inherent gender differences.