Chapter 4/10 Flashcards
What are criteria?
Evaluative standards for measuring success or quality (an outcome or attribute that you care about).
How is criteria used in organizations?
Used to appraise employees, make personnel decisions, and develop training.
What is the most valued organizational criterion?
Job performance.
What do performance measures focus on?
Behaviors and/or results.
What are behaviors in the context of job performance?
What people actually do (e.g., making calls).
What are results in the context of job performance?
Reflect behaviors and factors beyond the employee’s control (e.g., sales $$).
Why can appraising behaviors be more fair than appraising results?
Because results may be influenced by factors outside the employee’s control.
What is the ultimate criterion?
A theoretical construct encompassing all aspects of successful performance.
What is the actual criterion?
The real-world measurement ideally developed to reflect the ultimate criterion as much as possible.
What is an example of ultimate vs actual criterion?
Artist → create good works of art (ultimate) and judgment of experts (actual).
What are the five fundamental properties of effective criteria?
Relevance, reliability, sensitivity, practicality, and fairness.
What does relevance refer to in measuring criteria?
Extent to which the actual criterion overlaps with the ultimate criterion.
What is criterion deficiency?
Part of ‘ultimate’ not captured by ‘actual’.
What is criterion contamination?
Irrelevant stuff measured by ‘actual’ (measurement bias).
What does reliability refer to in measuring criteria?
Extent to which actual criteria is consistent across time/raters/forms.
What is sensitivity in the context of performance criteria?
The ability to discriminate between ineffective and effective performers.
What does practicality mean in measuring criteria?
Can and will be used (low cost, easily measured).
What does fairness mean in measuring criteria?
Perceived as just and reasonable; free from bias.
What is the Criterion Problem?
Challenges of measuring job performance due to its multidimensional nature.
What are the two types of criteria for measuring job performance?
Objective criteria and subjective criteria.
What are objective criteria?
Non-judgmental measures taken from organizational records (hard data).
What are subjective criteria?
Uses judgments and evaluations of others (soft data).
What are the three main types of performance dimensions?
Task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs).
What is task performance?
Behaviors that contribute to the technical core of the organization.
