Chapter 3A Unit 2 Flashcards
Cytoskeleton
Each eukaryotic cell has a cytoskeleton, which is a flexible network ofproteins that provide structural support for the cell.
Nucleus
The storehouse for most of the genetic information, or DNA, in cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The endoplasmic reticulum or the ER, is an interconnected network of thin, folded membranes.
Ribosome
Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins.
Ribosomes appear flattened and spherical in shape when viewed under an electron microscope.
Golgi Apparatus
consists of closeley layered stacks of memebranes; delivers protiens
Vesicles
general name used to describe small membrane sacs; transport material
Mitochondria
supply energy to the cell. Mitochondria are bean shaped and have two membranes.
Vacuole
fluid filled sac sued to store material needed for the cell; No basic shape or size
Lysosome
Membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes; defends from cell invaders; cleans cell
Centriole
cylinder shaped organelles made of short microtubular; occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division
Cell Wall
A rigid layer that gives protection, support, and
shape to the cell.
Chloroplast
organelles that carry out photosynthesis, a series of complex chemical reactions that convert solar energy into energy rich molecules the cell can use.
Centersome
Cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle; A centrosome is a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules. Many chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
Proteins & Amino Acids
Proteins are made of 20 types of amino acids that have unique characteristics of size, polarity, and acidity
Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a dense region where tiny organelles essential for making proteins are assembled.
Lumen of Endoplasmic Reticulum
The interior of this maze is called the lumen. Numerous processes, including the production of proteins and lipids, occur both on the surface of the ER and inside the lumen.
Rough ER vs. Smooth ER
Smooth and Rough ER is that smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes so its surface is smooth and performs lipid synthesis function. While rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes which are small, round organelle, have a rough surface, and perform protein synthesis.
