Chapter 3A: Matter, Energy, and Life

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The scientific study of the relationship between organisms and the environment.

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Everything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 3

Law of Conservation of Matter

Answer 3

Matter can neither be created or distroyed, but it can be changed.

Question 4

Elements

Answer 4

Substances that cannot be broken into simpler forms by ordinary chemical reactions.

Question 5

Atoms

Answer 5

Smallest particles exhibiting characteristics of the element.

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

Number of protons

Question 7

Atomic mass

Answer 7

Sum of portons and neutrons

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

Charged atoms (different number of neutrons than protons).

Question 9

Isotope

Answer 9

Forms of same element with equal numbers of protons but differing numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

Any two atoms joined together by chemicall bonds.

Question 11

Compounds

Answer 11

Molecules made up of atoms from different elements.

Question 12

Chemical bond

Answer 12

Forces holding atoms together in molecules.

Question 13

Ionic Bond

Answer 13

Atoms with opposite charges form a bond.

Question 14

Covalent Bonds

Answer 14

Atoms are unstable because outer rings of electrons are not filled up; can share electrons and become stable.

Question 15

Oxidization

Answer 15

When an atom gives up one or more electrons.

Question 16

Reduction

Answer 16

When an atom gains electrons.

Question 17

OIL RIG

Answer 17

Oxidation Is Lost

Reduction Is Gained

Question 18

Forming bonds _____ energy. Breaking bonds ______ energy.

Answer 18

Releases; Requires

Question 19

Acids

Answer 19

Substances that release hydrogen ions in water.

Question 20

Bases

Answer 20

Substances that readily bond with hydrogen ions.

Question 21

pH Scale 1-7

Answer 21

1= Acidic/High Concentration of H+ ions
7= More Basic/Low Concentration of H+ ions

Question 22

Organic Compounds

Answer 22

Building blocks of life; materials making up biomolecules which in turn make up living things; all contain carbon.

Question 23

Four major categories of organic compunds:

Answer 23

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids (DNA RNA)

Question 24

Cells

Answer 24

Minute compartments in a living organism which carry out processes of life.

Question 25

Enxymes

Answer 25

Molecular catalysts regulating chemical reactions; usually proteins.

Question 26

Metabolism

Answer 26

Multitude of enxymatic reactions performed by an organism.

Question 27

Energy

Answer 27

Ability to work

Question 28

Kinetic Energy

Answer 28

Energy in moving objects.

Question 29

Potential Energy

Answer 29

Stored energy available for use.

Question 30

Chemical Energy

Answer 30

Stored in food or fossil fuels.

Question 31

Heat

Answer 31

Energy that can be transferred between objects of different temperatures.

Question 32

Thermodynamics

Answer 32

Study of how energy is transferred in natural processes.

Question 33

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 33

Energy is conserved, neither created nor destroyed.

Question 34

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 34

With each successive energy transfer, less usuable energy is available to perform work.

Question 35

Two Reasons why Solar Energy is essential:

Answer 35

1. Warmth

2. Photosynthesis

Question 36

Solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface:

Answer 36

10% ultraviolet
45% visible
45% infrared

Question 37

Photosynthesis

Answer 37

6H2O+6CO2+solar energy –> C6H12O6+6O2

Question 38

______captures energy, while _____ releases energy.

Answer 38

Photosynthesis; Cellular Respiration

Question 39

Cellular Respiration

Answer 39

C6H12O6+6O2 –> 6H2O+6CO2