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Fundamentals > chapter 39 Hygiene > Flashcards

chapter 39 Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

Personal hygiene affects patients’ ___, ___, ___, and ___-___.

A

Comfort, safety, and well-being.

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2
Q

Hygiene care includes ___ and ___ activities that maintain personal body cleanliness and appearance.

A

cleaning; grooming

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3
Q

Healthy people fulfill their own personal hygiene needs; but when ill or physically or emotionally challenged, people often require

A

some degree of assistance with hygiene care.

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4
Q

When assisting a patient it is important to preserve as much of the client’s ___ as possible.

A

Independence

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5
Q

T/F Ensuring privacy and conveying respect for a client is a nursing goal concerning hygiene.

A

True

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6
Q

Define personal hygiene.

A

The self-care which involves bathing, toiling, general body hygiene and grooming. It is highly personal.

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7
Q

What are the 6 pastors that influence hygiene?

A
  • Social patterns
  • Personal preferences
  • Body image
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Heath Beliefs and motivation
  • Cultural variables
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8
Q

Ethnic, social, and family influences on hygiene patterns is a factor of what?

A

Social patterns

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9
Q

Personal preferences dictate ___ ___

A

hygiene practices

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10
Q

A person’s subjective concept of their body appearance is…

A

Body image

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11
Q

Socioeconomic status influences…

A

The type and extent of hygiene practices used.

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12
Q

What is the key in health beliefs and motivation.

A

Motivation is the key factor to hygiene.

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13
Q

Explain cultural variables

A

People from diverse cultures practice different hygiene rituals.

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14
Q

When caring for neonates it is important to carefully handling their skin because….

A

The epidermis and dermis is loosely bounded: (thin skin)

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15
Q

Friction can cause ___ in neonates.

A

Bruising

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16
Q

Breaks in skin can result in ___.

A

Infection.

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17
Q

Hormonal changes in adolescents affect the skin because…

A

sebaceous glands are more active. (Eccrine and apocrine become fully functional)

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18
Q

What can be done to combat the hormonal changes in adolescents?

A
  • More frequent bathing and shampooing
  • Use of deodorants
  • Acne prevention and treatment.
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19
Q

In older adults all functional activities of the skin decrease because…

A

thinner epithelium

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20
Q

Loss of collagen, less active glands, fragile skin, decrease inflammatory response, and slower epithelialization and wound healing are all associated with who?

A

older adults

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21
Q

Nursing implications concerning older adults are…

A
  • Decrease frequency of bathing
  • Avoid excessive use of soap
  • Moisturize skin after bath
  • Protect from injury from hot water/burns
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22
Q

Questions regarding skin care are…

A
  • What are your usual bathing times?
  • What products do you use?
  • How can I best perform your bath and usual care?
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23
Q

When conducting an assessment of skin hygiene concerning self-care abilities a nurse can ask questions such as…

A
  • Do you have problems managing your hygiene practices?

- How can we best help you?

24
Q

What are potential factors that can impair a clients ability to perform self hygiene?

A

-Physical or cognitive impairments
-Vision
-Muscle strength, dexterity, balance, coordination, flexibility.
-Pain/Presence of equipment
-Home situation: Helpers and Set-up
Willingness to accept help

25
Q

Hygienic Care is often delegated to _ _ _ but the nurse ____ ____ for assessment and client care.

A

UAP (unlicensed assistant personal)

The nurse remains responsible.

26
Q

You want to instruct the UAP to encourage the client to perform as much self-care as appropriate to foster ___ and ___- ___.

A

Independence and self-esteem

27
Q

What are the 6 methods of bathing?

A
  1. Complete bed bath
  2. Partial bed bath
  3. Sponge bath at sink
  4. tub bath
  5. Shower
  6. Bag Bath/travel bath
28
Q

What is a complete bed bath?

A

Bath in which the entire body of a patient is washed in bed.

29
Q

What is a partial bed bath?

A

Bath in which body parts that might cause the patient discomfort if left unbathed (i.e., face, hands, axillary areas, back, and per ileum) are washed in bed.

30
Q

Explain what a sponge bath at sink is.

A

Involves bathing from a bath basin or sink with patient sitting in a chair. Patient is able to perform part of the bath independently. Assistance is needed for hard-to-reach areas.

31
Q

What is involved in a tub bath?

A

Involves immersion in a tub of water that allows more thorough washing and rinsing than a bed bath. Patient may still require the nurse’s assistance.

32
Q

The patient may ___ or ____ in a shower. the shower provides more thorough cleaning that a bed bath but can cause ___.

A

Sit or stand

Fatigue

33
Q

A bag bath/travel bath contains several…

A

Soft, non woven cotton cloths that are remoistened in a solution of no-rinse surfactant cleanser and emollient.

34
Q

The bag bath offers an alternative because of the …

A

Ease of use, reduced time bathing, and patient comfort.

35
Q

What body part is washed first?

A

The face

36
Q

The nurse begins the bath washing the ____ area and then working ____ toward the ___.

A

Cleanest
Downward
Feet

37
Q

What type of strokes do you use when bathing a patient and why do you use this type of strokes?

A

Use long, firm strokes from wrist to shoulder, including the axillae area: Firm strokes from distal to proximal areas promote circulation by increasing venous blood return…unless contraindicated.

38
Q

What do you assess during a bath?

A

You assess for signs of warmth, redness, welling, tenderness, and pain in the lower extremities.

39
Q

It is important to provide ___, maintain ___, ____ warmth, ___ Independence, and ____ needs.

A 
Privacy 
Safety 
Maintain 
Promote 
Anticipate
40
Q

Early Morning care includes…

A
  • Comfort measures and preparation for the day.
  • Assisting with elimination
  • Preparation for diagnostic tests or early surgery
  • Washing hands and face or bath (if scheduled).
  • Back rub
  • Care of hair and nails
  • Linen change
  • Straightening the unit
  • Client activity
  • Assisting with oral care.
  • Preparing client for breakfast.
41
Q

Key components of AM care is…

A

…observation, assessment and meeting hygiene and grooming needs.

42
Q

Afternoon care includes…

A
  • Washing hands and face.
  • Assisting with oral care
  • Assisting with elimination
  • Straightening bed linen and repositioning if needed.
43
Q

HS care includes…

A
  • Comfort measures and prepare for sleep
  • Assist with elimination
  • Assist as needed with washing face and hands.
  • Offer HS snack
  • Assist as needed with oral hygiene
  • Straighten bed
  • Offer back rub
  • Straightening unit
44
Q

Perineal care for females includes…

A
  • Using the front to back method

- Clean from outer to inner

45
Q

Perineal care for males includes…

A

-Cleaning from tip to base using circular motion, start at the urethral meatus first and move outward, shaft of penis with gentle but firm downward strokes

46
Q

What happens if the client has an erection during care?

A

Defer procedure until later

47
Q

What if the client is uncircumcised?

A

Retract foreskin to cleanse and then remember to return foreskin to prevent constriction.

48
Q

T/F Monthly douching is recommended to control odor in the perineal area.

A

False Monthly douching is not recommended to control odor in the perineal area and may even be harmful since it tends to remove normal bacterial flora from the vagina.

49
Q

How long does a back rub take?

A

3 minutes

50
Q

Effleurage

A

Long gliding strokes for about 3 minutes

51
Q

Back rubs promote…

A
  • relaxation
  • Multiple psychological and physiological benefits
  • Builds trust/ communication
52
Q

When will you Not give a back rub?

A
  • When the client has any redden area on the skin because messaging can cause damage.
  • Touch phobia
53
Q

The feet, hands, and nails require special attention to prevent ___.

A

infection

54
Q

Any injury to the hand can impact a client’s ___-___ ability.

A

Self-care

55
Q

The normal nail is …

A

transparent, smooth, and convex.

Fundamentals (6 decks)

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