Chapter 39 Alterations in Nutritional Status Flashcards
What percentage of Canadians are overweight?
40%
What percentage of adults in Canada are obese?
27%
What percentage of children in Canada are overweight?
32%
What is considered a healthy BMI?
Normal is 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2
What is considered a BMI indicating overweight?
Over 25 kg/m2
What is the BMI for obese?
over 30 kg/m2
What are potential causes of obesity?
PCOS, endometriosis, high caloric diet, genetics, sedentary lifestyle, culture
What are health risks related to obesity?
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, risk of premature death
How can one prevent obesity?
lifestyle changes, education
What is the treatment for obesity?
weight management, increased physical activity, reduced caloric intake, therapy, dietary therapy, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery
What are some potential causes of manultrition
Poverty and low SES, acute and chronic illnesses, self imposed dietary restrictions, homelessness
What are the 2 types of protein energy malnutrition?
Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
What is Marasmus?
inadequate intake of protein and calories
What does marasmus look like?
wasting, stunted growth, impaired immune function
What is Kwashiorkor?
inadequate protein intake
When does Kwashiorkor often occur?
after weaning a baby off of breastmilk
What does Kwashiorkor cause?
muscle wasting, edema, discolored hair, distended abdomens
What causes the distended abdomen of Kwashiorkor?
blood becomes hypotonic and fluid keeps leaving the blood = edema and the distended abdomen
What are the 3 most common eating disorders?
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder
What are the characterizations of anorexia nervosa?
dieting and compulsive exercise
death from anorexia nervosa is thought to be due to what?
myocardial degeneration and heart failure - the body is requiring glucose and it is not being provided through the diet so it starts looking for other sources and that is often in skeletal muscles and the heart
What is bulimia nervosa?
recurrent episodes of binge eating with vomiting, use of laxatives, fasting or compulsive exercise.
What does bulimia nervosa lead to?
electrolyte disturbances and esophageal problems
What is binge eating disorder?
Episodes of eating more rapidly than normal, eating until uncomfortably full, eating large amounts of food when not hungry, hiding food.
