Chapter 38 Flashcards
ALARA Concept
Concept of radiation protection that states that all exposures should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable.”
Anode
The positive electrode in an X-ray tube.
Atom
The basic unit of matter
exposure button
When the exposure button is pressed, a dental X-ray machine emits X-rays that pass through the patient’s body to create an image on a special plate.
Bremsstrahlung radiation
“Braking radiation”. The sudden deceleration of elections as they interact interact with highly positive charged nuclei.
Cathode
The negative electrode in the x-ray tube.
cathode
the negatively charged electrode by which electrons enter an electrical device
Central ray
X-rays at the center of the beam.
Control Panel
The portion of the x-ray unit that contains the master switch, the indicator light, selector buttons and exposure button.
Dental radiography
The process of recording images of the teeth & adjacent structures by exposure of x-radiation.
density
the degree of compactness of a substance.
Digital imaging
The fullness method of capturing an image and displaying it by using an image receptor, an electronic signal, & a computer to process and store the image.
Distortion
Change in the size of an image caused by incorrect vertical angulation.
Dose
The amount of energy absorbed by tissues.
Dosimeter
A device used to detect & measure and accumulated dosage of radiation.
Electron
A negatively charged particle in an atom.
Energy
The ability to do work.
Extension arm
Flexible arm that is attached to the x-ray tube head
Genetic effects
Effects of radiation that are passed on to future generations through genetic cells.
Image
Film-based or digitally produced recordings of anatomical structures.
Image receptor
A recording medium for an image, normally film. (PSP) phosphor storage plate -or a digital sensor.
Ion
An electrically charged particle.
Ionization
Radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful affects.
ionizing
radiation that has enough energy to break an electron away from an atom
Kilovoltage
Highest voltage if X-ray tube used during an exposure.
Latent
Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of symptoms.
Lead apron
Device used to protect the reproductive and blood-forming tissues from scatter radiation.
Magnification
The proportional enlargement of an image.
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has form or shape.
Milliampere
One one-thousandth of an ampere; a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electrical current.
Penumbra
The blurred or indiativnt area that surrounds an image
Photon
An minute (tiny) bundle of pure energy that has no weight or mass.
Primary beam
The most penetrating beam produced at the target of the anode.
Primary radiation
Same as primary beam
Radiation
Forms of waves of energy emission through space or material.
Radiation monitoring badge
A device that contains a film packet used to detect and measure radiation exposure of personnel.
Radiograph
Image produced on photosensitive film my exposing the film radiation and then processing it.
Radiology
The science or study of radiation as used in medicine
Scatter radiation
A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from it’s path by interaction with matter
Secondary radiation
X-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter.
Sensor
A solid-state image receptor that contains a silicon chip with an electric circuit
Sharpness
A measure of how well an image reproduces the fine details or outline of an object
Thyroid collar
A flexible lead shield that’s placed securely around the neck
Tube head
The part of the x-ray unit that contains the X-ray tube, the high-voltage and low-voltage transformers, and insulating oil.
Tungsten target
A focal spot in the anode
X-radiation
High energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation
ampere
the SI base unit of electrical current
contrast
the state of being strikingly different from something else in juxtaposition or close association
quality (of x-ray beam)
refers to the overall energy or wavelength of the beam and its penetrating power.
quantity (of x-ray beam)
Current determines the number of photons the X-ray tube produces, also known as X-ray quantity
master switch, indicator light, selector buttons
Controls for the x ray
