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physical exam techniques > chapter 37 (vital signs) > Flashcards

chapter 37 (vital signs) Flashcards

1
Q

what do vital signs help assess?

A

general physical health of a person

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2
Q

what are some factors that affect vital signs?

A
  • age
  • weight
  • gender
  • overall health
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3
Q

what is included in vital signs?

A
  • body temp
  • blood pressure
  • pulse
  • respiration
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4
Q

normal temp without fever

A

afebrile

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5
Q

what is considered the normal body temp?

A

98.6 degrees F

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6
Q

what is the body temp range for a healthy person?

A

97.8-99.1

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7
Q

what are the different methods used to take body temperature?

A
  • oral (mouth)
  • rectal
  • axillary (armpit)
  • tympanic (ear canal
  • temporal (across forehead)
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8
Q

elevated body temp (aka: with fever)

A

febrile

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9
Q

exceptionally high fever

A

hyperpyrexia

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10
Q

body temp lower than 95 degrees F

A

hypothermia

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11
Q

what are some factors that can affect body temp?

A
  • illness/infection
  • stress
  • dehydration
  • exercise
  • hot/cold beverages
  • age
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12
Q

number of times the heart beats per minute

A

pulse

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13
Q

what is the normal pule rate for adults?

A

60-100 BPM

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14
Q

what does BPM stand for?

A

beats per minute

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15
Q

device that measures pulse and blood oxygen saturation electronically

A

pulse oximeter

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16
Q

where can a pulse oximeter device be placed on the body?

A
  • finger
  • toe
  • earlobe
  • nose bridge
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17
Q

faster than normal pulse rate

A

tachycardia

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18
Q

slower than normal pulse rate

A

bradycardia

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19
Q

low blood oxygen saturation (under 95%)

A

hypoxemia

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20
Q

pauses in breathing during sleep

A

sleep apnea

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21
Q

number of breaths in one minute

A

respirations

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22
Q

what is the normal respirations rate for adults?

A

12-20 per minute

23
Q

excessive rate and depth of breathing

A

hyperventilation

24
Q

difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

25
Q

respirations under 12 per minute

A

bradypnea

26
Q

respirations over 25 per minute

A

tachypnea

27
Q

unusually rapid, labored, and deep breathing

A

hyperpnea

28
Q

crackling breath sounds

A

rales

29
Q

what does rales indicate?

A

fluid in lungs

30
Q

deep snoring or rattling breath sounds

A

rhonchi

31
Q

absence of breathing

A

apnea

32
Q

pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

33
Q

what is the healthy range for blood pressure in adults?

A

90/60-120/80

34
Q

how is a blood pressure measurement written?

A

systolic/diastolic

35
Q

pressure measured when heart beats and pushes blood out to body (aka when the left ventricle contracts)

A

systolic

36
Q

what is the standard unit for measuring blood pressure?

A

mmHg - millimeter of mercury

37
Q

pressure measured when the heart relaxes inbetween beats

A

diastolic

38
Q

what are the rates for prehypertension?

A

systolic - 121 to 139
diastolic - 81 to 89

39
Q

what is the term for high blood pressure?

A

hypertension

40
Q

what is the rate for high blood pressure?

A

anything over 140/90

41
Q

what is the term for low blood pressure?

A

hypotension

42
Q

device used to read blood pressure

A

aneroid sphygmomanometer

43
Q

equipment validated and checked regularly for accuracy

A

calibrating

44
Q

amplifies body sounds

A

stethoscope

45
Q

begins with tapping sound, systolic to diastolic, then disapears

A

korotkoff sounds

46
Q

what are some factors that can affect blood pressure?

A
  • exercise
  • stress
  • disease
  • illness
  • cuff size
47
Q

what is orthostatic hypotension?

A

low blood pressure that occurs when standing, after sitting, or lying down

48
Q

what does orthostatic hypotension indicate?

A

fluid loss or cardiac malfunction

49
Q

what are the anthropometric measurements?

A
  • weight
  • height
  • head circumference
  • BMI
  • waist circumference
  • skin fold test
50
Q

weight should be rounded to the nearest ___

A

quarter pound (1/4)

51
Q

height should be rounded to the nearest ___

A

quarter inch (1/4)

52
Q

how often should an adults height be measured?

A

once at first visit and then anually

53
Q

measurement calculated based on height and weight

A

BMI (body mass index)

physical exam techniques (6 decks)

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