chapter 37 (vital signs)

Question 1

what do vital signs help assess?

Answer 1

general physical health of a person

Question 2

what are some factors that affect vital signs?

Answer 2

• age
• weight
• gender
• overall health

Question 3

what is included in vital signs?

Answer 3

• body temp
• blood pressure
• pulse
• respiration

Question 4

normal temp without fever

Answer 4

afebrile

Question 5

what is considered the normal body temp?

Answer 5

98.6 degrees F

Question 6

what is the body temp range for a healthy person?

Answer 6

97.8-99.1

Question 7

what are the different methods used to take body temperature?

Answer 7

• oral (mouth)
• rectal
• axillary (armpit)
• tympanic (ear canal
• temporal (across forehead)

Question 8

elevated body temp (aka: with fever)

Answer 8

febrile

Question 9

exceptionally high fever

Answer 9

hyperpyrexia

Question 10

body temp lower than 95 degrees F

Answer 10

hypothermia

Question 11

what are some factors that can affect body temp?

Answer 11

• illness/infection
• stress
• dehydration
• exercise
• hot/cold beverages
• age

Question 12

number of times the heart beats per minute

Answer 12

pulse

Question 13

what is the normal pule rate for adults?

Answer 13

60-100 BPM

Question 14

what does BPM stand for?

Answer 14

beats per minute

Question 15

device that measures pulse and blood oxygen saturation electronically

Answer 15

pulse oximeter

Question 16

where can a pulse oximeter device be placed on the body?

Answer 16

• finger
• toe
• earlobe
• nose bridge

Question 17

faster than normal pulse rate

Answer 17

tachycardia

Question 18

slower than normal pulse rate

Answer 18

bradycardia

Question 19

low blood oxygen saturation (under 95%)

Answer 19

hypoxemia

Question 20

pauses in breathing during sleep

Answer 20

sleep apnea

Question 21

number of breaths in one minute

Answer 21

respirations

Question 22

what is the normal respirations rate for adults?

Answer 22

12-20 per minute

Question 23

excessive rate and depth of breathing

Answer 23

hyperventilation

Question 24

difficulty breathing

Answer 24

dyspnea

Question 25

respirations under 12 per minute

Answer 25

bradypnea

Question 26

respirations over 25 per minute

Answer 26

tachypnea

Question 27

unusually rapid, labored, and deep breathing

Answer 27

hyperpnea

Question 28

crackling breath sounds

Answer 28

rales

Question 29

what does rales indicate?

Answer 29

fluid in lungs

Question 30

deep snoring or rattling breath sounds

Answer 30

rhonchi

Question 31

absence of breathing

Answer 31

apnea

Question 32

pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries

Answer 32

blood pressure

Question 33

what is the healthy range for blood pressure in adults?

Answer 33

90/60-120/80

Question 34

how is a blood pressure measurement written?

Answer 34

systolic/diastolic

Question 35

pressure measured when heart beats and pushes blood out to body (aka when the left ventricle contracts)

Answer 35

systolic

Question 36

what is the standard unit for measuring blood pressure?

Answer 36

mmHg - millimeter of mercury

Question 37

pressure measured when the heart relaxes inbetween beats

Answer 37

diastolic

Question 38

what are the rates for prehypertension?

Answer 38

systolic - 121 to 139 diastolic - 81 to 89

Question 39

what is the term for high blood pressure?

Answer 39

hypertension

Question 40

what is the rate for high blood pressure?

Answer 40

anything over 140/90

Question 41

what is the term for low blood pressure?

Answer 41

hypotension

Question 42

device used to read blood pressure

Answer 42

aneroid sphygmomanometer

Question 43

equipment validated and checked regularly for accuracy

Answer 43

calibrating

Question 44

amplifies body sounds

Answer 44

stethoscope

Question 45

begins with tapping sound, systolic to diastolic, then disapears

Answer 45

korotkoff sounds

Question 46

what are some factors that can affect blood pressure?

Answer 46

- exercise - stress - disease - illness - cuff size

Question 47

what is orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 47

low blood pressure that occurs when standing, after sitting, or lying down

Question 48

what does orthostatic hypotension indicate?

Answer 48

fluid loss or cardiac malfunction

Question 49

what are the anthropometric measurements?

Answer 49

- weight - height - head circumference - BMI - waist circumference - skin fold test

Question 50

weight should be rounded to the nearest ___

Answer 50

quarter pound (1/4)

Question 51

height should be rounded to the nearest ___

Answer 51

quarter inch (1/4)

Question 52

how often should an adults height be measured?

Answer 52

once at first visit and then anually

Question 53

measurement calculated based on height and weight

Answer 53

BMI (body mass index)