Chapter 37 Immigrant Canadians Flashcards
What % of the Canadian population is foreign born?
20.6%
Canada was the first country to have ___________________
explicit federal legislation supporting multiculturalism
What are four reason people migrate?
- enjoy the political and economic freedoms and social opportunities that host societies offer
- fulfill themselves
- maximize abilities
- improve living conditions for selves and family”
Primary reason countries accept immigrants:
shortages in various labour sectors and skill levels
Who has jurisdiction for policies, programs, and requirements concerning immigration in Canada?
Federal, provincial and territorial governments
What are the two main categories of migrants? What are the 3 subcategories that fall under each?
Permanent resident - economic immigrants - family class immigrants - refugees Temporary resident - temporary foreign workers - foreign students - humanitarian population
What are Undocumented Migrants? Examples?
people who are not authorized to be in Canada
- family members who come as visitors and stay beyond 6 months
- refugee claims denied
- temporary workers or students who remain after visa expired
- people who have entered country illegally
A “newcomer” is:
a permanent residents who have been in Canada 5 years or less
Permanent Resident
has all the rights guaranteed under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms except right to vote
-economic immigrants, family class immigrants, and refugees
Temporary Resident
lawfully in Canada with valid documentation on a temporary basis, or individuals seek asylum and remain in the country pending outcome of claim
- temporary foreign workers
- foreign students
- humanitarian population
Economic Immigrants
Permanent Resident
- selected for skills and ability to contribute to economy
- includes skilled workers, business immigrants, provincial or territorial nominees, and the Canadian experience class
- includes principle applicant and accompanying spouse and/or dependents
Family Class Immigrant
Permanent Resident
- sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident living in Canada who is 18+; includes spouses, partners, parents, grandparents, and certain other relatives but EXCLUDES fiancés
Refugees
Permanent Resident
- government-assisted refugees, privately sponsored refugees and refugee dependents
- need protection and fear return to home country;
- while waiting for claim to be accepted or denied, considered temporary residents
Temporary Foreign Workers
Temp Res
- in Canada principally to work
- are classified based on skill level and skill type
Foreign Students
Temp Res
- in Canada principally to study
Humanitarian Population
Temp Res
- refugee claimants who request refugee protection upon or after arrival in Canada; a refugee claimant whose claim is accepted may make and application for permanent residents; - includes other foreign nationals allowed to remain in Canada on humanitarian or compassionate grounds
Canada’s immigration policy was discriminatory until changes were legislated by ____________ in ______
the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960
In 1962, federal policy changed to eliminate discrimination based on ____________________ and in 1967 a point system was introduced that took into account __________________
race, religion and national origin
age, education, language skill and economic characteristics
Most immigrants to Canada now are _________ and __________
South Asian and Chinese
_____ % of Canadian population identified as a visible minority
19.1
Are recent immigrants younger or older than Canadian born population?
younger
___ out of ____ immigrants settle in BC, Ontario, and Quebec. (Although there has been a decrease over the past 10 years in ______)
3/4
BC and Ontario
How many temporary residents are there living in Canada?
close to 700,000
The number of this category of migrant has increased the most
economic
Immigration levels are about _________ people per year
Government wants to maintain yearly admission of permanent residents between ___________ per year
250,000
240,000-250,000
Temporary migrants to address shortages in _____________
labour sectors
Temporary migrants are a labour source that is ____________ and for low-skilled,______
flexible–related to employer needs
inexpensive
Can temporary foreign workers apply to have spouses and dependents join them?
High-skilled can but not low-skilled
International students can apply for postgrad work permits for up to _____________ after completing education
3 years
Key reason for international students is:
that they are a source of income for schools—pay higher tuition
What is Diversity?
broad/inclusive term
- encompasses attributes like gender, age, language, visible and invisible disabilities, national origin and group affiliations
- we are all diverse in many ways–some are constant (ethnicity) and some change (age)
Although incorrect, in Canada, diversity is often considered synonymous with _________
ethnicity
___________ is often used as a code word for race
ethnicity
What is ethnicity?
refers to groups who share common social and cultural identity based on heritage, language, and religion (just one example of diversity)
What is Race?
socially constructed based on differences of some biological characteristic—social in both origin and maintenance
What is the social process that constructs racial categories in ways that label behaviour as having racial origins?
Racialization
