Chapter 37 - Coronary Artery Dis - Exam 2

Question 1

what is CAD

Answer 1

type of blood vessel disorder in the general category of atherosclerosis

Question 2

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 2

“gruel or fatty mush” “hard”
atherosclerosis begins as soft deposits of fat that harden with age
“hardening of the arteries”

Question 3

etiology and patho of atherosclerosis

Answer 3

endothelial injury and inflammation (smoking, toxins, diabetes, infection), plaque build up,

chronic endothelial injury-> fatty streak-> fibrous plaque-> complicated lesion

Question 4

what is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

Answer 4

Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are both conditions that affect the arteries, but they involve different underlying processes and have distinct characteristics:

Arteriosclerosis:

Arteriosclerosis is a broad term that refers to the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls.
It encompasses several types of arterial wall changes, including atherosclerosis.
Arteriosclerosis can occur due to aging, high blood pressure, inflammation, and other factors.
It reduces the elasticity of arteries and can impair blood flow.
Atherosclerosis:

Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of plaque within the arterial walls.
The plaque consists of cholesterol, fatty substances, calcium, cellular waste, and other materials.
Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow.
Atherosclerosis is a progressive condition and a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
In summary, arteriosclerosis is a general term referring to the thickening and hardening of arteries, while atherosclerosis specifically involves the buildup of plaque within arterial walls, leading to narrowing and obstruction of blood flow. Atherosclerosis is a subtype of arteriosclerosis.

Question 5

what is collateral circulation

Answer 5

when plaque blocks the normal flow of blood through a coronary artery and the resulting ischemia is chronic, collateral circulation may develop. basically a new vessel forms around the bloackage