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Ecology and Evolution > Chapter 36 Taxonomy and Systematics > Flashcards

Chapter 36 Taxonomy and Systematics Flashcards

1
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Describing, naming, and classifying organisms

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2
Q

What is systematics?

A

study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms

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3
Q

What kind of organisms are studied in systematics?

A

Alive and dead

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4
Q

Taxonmy

A

Naming

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5
Q

Systematics

A

relationships

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6
Q

Who is the father of modern nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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7
Q

What are the 8 taxonomical ranks?

A

1.Domain
2.Kingdom
3.Phylum
4.Class.
5.Order
6.Family
7.Genus
8.Epithet/Species

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8
Q

How to write something in binomial nomenclature?

A

Genus and Epithet, genus capitalized, must be written italics or underlined

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9
Q

King Phillip can order from girl scouts

A
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10
Q

What is systematics based on?

A

Homology

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11
Q

What is homology?

A
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12
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Evolutionary history of a species

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13
Q

What is monophyletic?

A

Taxon that is a clade. common ancestor and descendants

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14
Q

What is paraphyletic?

A

Contains a common ancestor but not it’s descendants

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15
Q

What is polyphyletic?

A

Does not contain most recent common ancestor

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16
Q

What is a character?

A

Homologous trait

17
Q

What is a plesiomorphic character?

A

Primitive and ancestral

18
Q

What is an apomorphic character

A

a derived character

19
Q

What does synapomorphic character mean?

A

Shared derived character

20
Q

What does synplesiomorphic character mean?

A

Shared ancestral character

21
Q

What does autapomorphy mean?

A

Found in only one group

22
Q

What is an outgroup?

A

What diverged before the ingroup

23
Q

What is the ingroup?

A

what group we wish to understand

24
Q

What is parsimony?

A

Best representation of characters and relationships

25
Q

What do phylogenetic groups focus on?

A

common descent and monophyletic groups only

26
Q

What is anagenesis?

A

1 species evolves into a new species

27
Q

What is a molecular clock?

A

neutral mutations that can be used to measure evolutionary time

28
Q

Why are molecular clocks used?

A

Because some groups cannot be compared due to different evolutionary rates

Ecology and Evolution (3 decks)

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