Chapter 25 Species and Macroevolution Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 ways to identify a species?

A

Morphology, Reproductive Isolation, Molecular Features (DNA). Ecological factors, evolutionary relationships

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2
Q

What is morphology?

A

physical characteristics

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3
Q

What is reproductuve isolation?

A

Why different species can’t breed with one another

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4
Q

What does Prezygotic mean?

A

Prevent formation of a zygote

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5
Q

What are the five prezygotic forms of reproductive isolation?

A
  1. Habitat
    2.Temporal
    3.Behavioral
    4.Mechanical
    5.Gametic
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6
Q

What are the 3 forms of postzygotic isolation?

A
  1. Hybrid inviabilitiy
  2. Hybrid Sterility
  3. Hybrid Breakdown
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7
Q

What is temporal isolation?

A

different time of year

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8
Q

What is gametic isolation?

A

Sperm and egg can’t combine

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9
Q

What is the biological species concept?

A

a group of individuals whose members can interbreed in nature, but can’t with other species

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10
Q

What is speciation?

A

The formation of a new species

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11
Q

What is speciation caused by?

A

Derived genetic changes

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12
Q

What does there need to be an accumulation of for speciation to occur?

A

genetic changes

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13
Q

What is cladogenesis?

A

The splitting of a population into two or more species

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14
Q

What must be interrupted for cladogenesis to occur?

A

gene flow

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15
Q

What types of speciation come from cladogenesis

A

Allopatric and sympatric

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16
Q

What is allopatric speciation?

A

Speciate apart from each other, more common

17
Q

What location is required for allopatric speciation?

A

A geographic barrier

18
Q

What is unique about the Ensatina salamander?

A

The mother species derived and spread and were seperated by a mountain range and couldn’t breed.

19
Q

What happened when the distant salamander species met again after being divided by the mountain range?

A

They were no longer to interbreed and became two different species.

20
Q

What are the salamanders and example of?

A

A ring species

21
Q

What is polyploidy?

A

Many sets of chromosomes,

22
Q

What is polyploidy common in?

23
Q

What is sexual selection based off of?

A

Favorable traits

24
Q

How do species adapt to their environment?

A

By having qualities that make it easier to survive

25
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Gradual evolution, with rapid times of evolutionary change
26
What is evo-devo?
How different genes are expressed in the body
27
What is BMP4 and Gremlin cells?
Telling cells to die off or survive
28
What is heterochrony?
evolutionary changes in the rate of development events