Chapter 25 Species and Macroevolution Flashcards
What are the 5 ways to identify a species?
Morphology, Reproductive Isolation, Molecular Features (DNA). Ecological factors, evolutionary relationships
What is morphology?
physical characteristics
What is reproductuve isolation?
Why different species can’t breed with one another
What does Prezygotic mean?
Prevent formation of a zygote
What are the five prezygotic forms of reproductive isolation?
- Habitat
2.Temporal
3.Behavioral
4.Mechanical
5.Gametic
What are the 3 forms of postzygotic isolation?
- Hybrid inviabilitiy
- Hybrid Sterility
- Hybrid Breakdown
What is temporal isolation?
different time of year
What is gametic isolation?
Sperm and egg can’t combine
What is the biological species concept?
a group of individuals whose members can interbreed in nature, but can’t with other species
What is speciation?
The formation of a new species
What is speciation caused by?
Derived genetic changes
What does there need to be an accumulation of for speciation to occur?
genetic changes
What is cladogenesis?
The splitting of a population into two or more species
What must be interrupted for cladogenesis to occur?
gene flow
What types of speciation come from cladogenesis
Allopatric and sympatric
What is allopatric speciation?
Speciate apart from each other, more common
What location is required for allopatric speciation?
A geographic barrier
What is unique about the Ensatina salamander?
The mother species derived and spread and were seperated by a mountain range and couldn’t breed.
What happened when the distant salamander species met again after being divided by the mountain range?
They were no longer to interbreed and became two different species.
What are the salamanders and example of?
A ring species
What is polyploidy?
Many sets of chromosomes,
What is polyploidy common in?
Plants
What is sexual selection based off of?
Favorable traits
How do species adapt to their environment?
By having qualities that make it easier to survive
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Gradual evolution, with rapid times of evolutionary change
What is evo-devo?
How different genes are expressed in the body
What is BMP4 and Gremlin cells?
Telling cells to die off or survive
What is heterochrony?
evolutionary changes in the rate of development events
