Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 340 > Chapter 36: Management of Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 36: Management of Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

frequent comorbidities of low back pain

A

depression, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, stress, kidney disorders, pelvic problems, retroperitoneal tumors, abdominal aortic aneurysms `

poor posture and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

low back pain diagnostic test

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

candidates for spinal surgery

A

back and leg pain that limits normal activity or impairs quality of life
development of neurological deficits (leg weakness or numbness)
loss of normal bowel function
difficultly standing or walking
medication and PT are ineffective
reasonably good health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nursing intervention for back pain

A

pain management
exercise (get up early)
body mechanics
work modifications
stress reduction
health promotion (weight management)
dietary plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

proper body mechanics

A

bend at the knees, good posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

postop back surgery priorities

A

pain management
monitor surgical site for excess bleeding, drainage, and infection
vitals signs- O2, BP (low= bleeding, sepsis, reaction to meds), respiratory depression, tachycardia (hypovolemic, pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

postop back surgery nursing diagnosis

A

acute pain
impaired mobility
anxiety
risk for infection
urine retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

affect of anesthesia on urine and bowel function

A

can produce constipation and urine retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bursitis and Tendonitis

A

inflammatory conditions
common occur in the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

loose bodies (joint mice)

A

occur in a joint space as a result of articular cartilage wear and bone erosion
these fragments can interfere with joint movement (locking the joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

impingement syndrome

A

impaired movement of the rotator cuff of the shoulder

occur from repetitive overhead movement of the arm or from acute trauma resulting in irritation and inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons or the subacromial bursa as they grate against the coracoacromial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

is an entrapment neuropathy that occurs when the median nerve at the wrist is compressed by a thickened flexor tendon sheath, skeletal encroachment, edema, or a soft tissue mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ganglion

A

collection of neurological gelatinous material near the tendon sheaths and joints - appears as a round, firm, cystic swelling (usually on the dorsal of the wrist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dupuytren contracture

A

inherited autosomal dominant trait
progressive contracture (an abnormal shortening) of the palmar fascia that causes flexion of the fourth, fifth and sometimes middle finger rendering them useless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

important assessment during the first 24 hours after hand or wrist surgery

A

neurovascular assessment (capillary refill, numbness and tingling, pulses, skin warm to touch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pain control after surgery

A

ice first then heat
elevation to decrease swelling
pain medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bursae

A

fluid filled sacs that prevent friction between the joint structures during joint activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bursitis

A

bursae sacs that become inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tendonitis

A

muscle tendon sheaths become inflamed with repetitive stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

treatments of bursitis and tendonitis

A

both are inflammatory conditions that are self limiting (go away on their own with or without therapy). treatments are focused on pain relief, not a cure.

rest of the extremity
intermittent ice and heat
NSAIDS (control inflammation and pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

loose bodies treatment

A

arthroscopic surgery to remove loose bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

impingement syndrome signs and symptoms

A

edema from hemorrhage of these structures
pain
shoulder tenderness
limited movement
muscle spasm
eventual dies atrophy

may progress to partial or complete rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

patient education for impingement syndrome

A
  • rest the joint
  • support the affected arm on pillows while sleeping to keep from turning on to that shoulder
  • gradually resume motion and use of the joint
  • avoid working and lifting above shoulder level or pushing an object against a locked shoulder
  • perform ROM and strengthen exercises
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

treatment of impingement syndrome

A

NSAIDS
intra-articular injections of corticosteroids
heat or cold application
therapeutic exercise program is required to improve outcomes and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

those at high risk for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

women between 30 and 60 years of age
women going through menopause or on birth control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

common causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

caused by repetitive hand and wrist movements
occupations that require frequent repetitive hand movements or flexing of the wrist (Construction workers, hair dressers, assembly lines workers, machinists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

pain, numbness, paresthesia, weakness along the median nerve distribution (thumb, index, and middle finger), night pain, fist clenching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

three tests for carpal tunnel

A

tinels sign (lightly tapping over the nerve to see if it generates a tingling sensation)

Phalen’s test (pushing the dorsal surface of hands together and holding 30-60 secs)

carpal compression test (pressure on median nerve within the carpal tunnel, located just distal to the wrist crease, positive if the responds with numbness and tingling within 30 secs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

plantar fasciitis

A
31
Q

plantar fasciitis treatment

A
32
Q

corn

A
33
Q

corn treatment

A
34
Q

callus

A
35
Q

ingrown toenail

A
36
Q

hammer toe

A
37
Q

Hallux valgus (bunion)

A
38
Q

flat foot (Pes Planus)

A
39
Q

postoperative foot surgery education

A

Describe methods to prevent wound infection (e.g., keeping dressing clean and dry during activities of daily living).

*Demonstrate how to assess neurovascular status.

*Demonstrate control of edema by elevating extremity and applying ice intermittently if prescribed.

*Observe prescribed weight-bearing, activity and exercise limits.

*Demonstrate safe use of assistive devices, if appropriate.

*Consume a healthy diet to promote healing.

40
Q

after foot surgery, before discharge make sure to have (if needed)

A

home assistance
assess structural characteristics of home, presence of stairs? rugs? clutter? - want to prevent future injuries

41
Q

nursing interventions for foot surgery

A

neurovascular assessment
relieve pain related to inflammation and edema
improve mobility
prevent infection
patient education

42
Q

osteoarthritis

A

noninflammatory degenerative disorder of the joints
most common form of joint disease
origin: primary (idiopathic) or secondary

43
Q

what type of cartilage breaks down leading to osteoarthritis

A

articular cartilage

44
Q

in osteoarthritis, what forms after the articular cartilage breaks down

A

osteophytes (bone spurs) that protrude into the joint space

45
Q

osteoarthritis pain is worse in the ___

A

morning

46
Q

in osteoarthritis, joint space is ____ leading to ____ joint movement

A

narrowed
decreased

47
Q

risk factors for osteoarthritis

A

older women
obesity
occupations (requiring laborious tasks)
sports
history of frequent injuries to the same area

48
Q

signs and symptoms of OA

A

pain, stiffness, functional impairment
joint pain aggravated by movement and relieved by rest
morning stiffness, goes away 30 mins
progressive onset
enlarged joint
decreased ROM
most often in weight bearing joints (hips, knees, cervical and lumbar spine)

49
Q

labs for osteoporosis

A

check Ca, Vitamin D, and phosphorous

50
Q

osteoporosis

A

metabolic bone disorder
the rate of bone resorption (osteoclasts) accelerates while the rate of bone formation (osteoblasts) slows down, causing a loss of bone mass

51
Q

osteoclasts

A

think Consume
break down calcium in bone so that most calcium is released

52
Q

osteoblasts

A

excess calcium moves into bone which helps build bones

53
Q

people with osteoporosis are at high risk for

A

fractures

54
Q

Risk factors for Osteoporosis

A

think CALCIUM
Calcium- low intake
Age- hormonal changes
Lifestyle - smoking, sedentary
Caucasian or asian
Inherited
Underweight (low calcium levels already)
Medications- steroids interfere with osteoblasts

55
Q

signs and symptoms of osteoporosis

A

think FRAIL
Fractures- hip, spine, wrist
Rounding of upper back (kyphosis)
Asymptomatic
Inches off height
Low back, hip, and neck pain

56
Q

testing for osteoporosis

A

bone density scan (dexa scan)
no calcium supplements for 24 hours before scans (no tums, rolaids, or vitamins)

57
Q

medications for osteoporosis

A

Ca and Vitamin D supplements
bisphosphonates (fosamax and bonava)

58
Q

bisphosphonates

A

Up right for 30 minutes after admin**
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Ibandromate (Bonava)
Can cause GI upset – give with full glass of water on empty stomach**

59
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening and weakening of the long bones usually due to a deficiency in vitamin D

60
Q

signs and symptoms of osteomalacia

A

pain, tenderness, and deformities
bowing of bones

61
Q

causes of osteomalacia

A

gastrointestinal disorders, severe renal insufficiency, hyperparathyroidism, and dietary deficiency

62
Q

osteomalacia treatment

A

adding vitamin D to diet
surgery- break bones and reset them

63
Q

paget’s disease

A

disorder of localized bone turnover (new bone grows over old bone)
new bone is bnormally shaped, weak, and brittle.
bones thin out - more risk for fractures

64
Q

septic (infectious) arthritis

A

infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues
mostly common in knee and hip joints

65
Q

People at risk for septic arthritis

A

those with diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or a skin infection

66
Q

signs and symptoms of septic arthritis

A

warm, painful joints with decreased range of motion
patient may have a fever

67
Q

how to diagnose septic arthritis

A

culture of synovial fluid

68
Q

treatment for septic arthritis

A

immobilization of the joint (wrist of knee brace), pain relief, and antibiotics

69
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection

70
Q

osteomyelitis occurs because

A

extension of soft tissue infection
direct bone contamination
bloodborne spread from another site of infection

71
Q

causative organisms of osteomyelitis

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus and Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli

72
Q

treatment for osteomyelitis

A

antibiotics for 4-6 weeks

73
Q

signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis

A

leukocytosis, elevated sed rat, positive culture, fever, swelling, redness, warmth on affected area, localized pain, edema erythema, drainage

74
Q

osteomyelitis interventions

A

relieving pain
- immobilization
- elevation
-

NUR 340 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions