Chapter 35-37 Flashcards
Popular name for the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, which provided assistance to former soldiers…
GI Bill of Rights
Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the U.S. that experienced the highest rates of growth after WWII…
Sunbelt
New York suburb where post war builders pioneered the techniques of mass home construction…
Levittown
Term for the dramatic rise in U.S. births that began immediately after WWII…
Baby Boom
Big Three wartime conference that later became the focus of charges that Roosevelt had “sold out” Eastern Europe to the Soviet communists…
Yalta
The extended post- WWII confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that stopped just short of a shooting war…
Cold War
Meeting of Western Allies during WWII that established the economic structures to promote recovery and enhance FDR’s vision of an “open word”…
Bretton Woods
New international organization that experienced some early success in diplomatic and cultural areas but failed in areas like atomic arms control…
United Nations
Term for the barrier that Stalin erected to block off Soviet-dominated nations of Eastern Europe from the West…
Iron Curtain
American-sponsored effort that provided funds for the economic relief and recovery of Western Europe…
Marshall Plan
The new anti-Soviet organization of Western nations that ended the long-time American tradition of not joining permanent military alliances…
National Atlantic Treaty Organization
Japanese military marched U.S. soldiers by force through which country?
Philipenes; soldiers were malnourished and torchered.
What famous general left to escape the Japanese military in the Philippines? Quote?
General Douglas MacArthur
“I shall return.”
During World War II, what product, normally common, were Americans not allowed to buy?
Cars
What natural resource was rationed by the government during WWII?
Gasoline (Petroleum)
Who demanded that the U.S. help invade Nazi Germany through Normandy?
Stalin (USSR)
What was the famous attack called Dwight D. Eisenhower lead?
D-Day
Who had mostly controlled France during WWII?
Nazis (Hitler)
What major event was happening in Europe during WWII?
The Holocaust
What was the Manhattan Project?
The U.S. project to build an atomic bomb.
What was the U.S. doing to gain on Japan during WWII?
Tried to weaken the Japanese forces by island hopping. Took over and controlled many small islands.
Did Truman know about the Manhattan project before becoming President?
No, because the project was secretive.
What was the motto of many of the Japanese soldiers?
It was better to die than to surrender.
Where did the U.S. drop the atomic bombs?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Why did the U.S. not drop a bomb on Tokyo?
Was already destroyed from the war.
Who was made President after FDR’s death?
The Vice President at the time Harry Truman.
Did many people know who Truman was before he became President?
No, most of the time FDR was the only one in the spotlight.
What were the years of the Cold War?
1945 - 1990’s (early)
Where Americans afraid of another economic depression after WWII?
Yes.
How was the economy after WWII?
GREAT AFTER WWII FOR TWO DECADES!
What happened in the 1970’s to the economy?
WAS TERRIBLE!
What were the years of WWII?
1941 - 1945
What happened to the housing industry after WWII?
Mass produced like crazy.
Affordable.
Many wanted the iconic Bill Levitt homes.
Called many together “Levittown”.
Where was the Sunbelt?
Southern states from the Pacific to the Atlantic.
What is the generation post WWII called?
Babyboomers
Where many babies born postwar? Why?
YES!!! Due to the GREAT ECONOMY!
Due to the creation of suburban areas, what structures were created?
Interstate Highways
Who were the Big Three? And where did they famously meet?
USSR, Britain, and U.S.
All met in YALTA!
What was created at the meeting in Yalta?
UNITED NATIONS!
What did the meeting in Yalta start?
Who was criticized?
The Cold War
FDR, people thought he gave away too much.
What was the movement of the fear of Communism called in America?
Red Scare (First and Second) Happened after both of the World Wars.
Who were the two world powers during the Cold War?
U.S. and USSR
Where was the United Nations meeting held?
New York City
When Germany split into two, which side was good or bad?
West Germany: GOOD
East Germany: BAD
Which state split into two in Germany postwar?
Berlin
West Berlin: GOOD (Free of Communism)
East Berlin: BAD (Communist)
Who controlled Berlin post war? What did the try to do? How did the U.S. react?
USSR
Tried to keep the U.S. out of Berlin.
U.S. created the Berlin Airlift to get supplies in Berlin.
What was the capital of the USSR?
Moscow
What was the U.S. plan called that replaced isolationism?
CONTAINMENT!
Where were people moving to during the Cold War?
Suburbs
Who said “it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”?
President Truman (Truman Doctrine)
How did Truman respond to the threat of Communism?
With Secretary of State George C. Marshall invited Europeans to get together and work out a JOINT plan for their economic recovery.
What are the names of the plans to stop the spread of Communism during the Cold War?
Truman Doctrine
Containment
Marshall Plan after WWII (Truman’s plan though)
*to keep Western Europe form turning Communist
What departments/agencies were created by Truman?
Department of Defense
Pentagon building
National Security Act
Central Intelligence Agency
What was the anti-Soviet group made up of Western countries?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What country turned Communist and worried the U.S.? Who was the leader?
China
Mao Zedong
Did the U.S. help to rebuild Japan?
Yes, and put McGarther in charge which was basically like being the President of Japan.
Who developed the atomic bomb first?
USSR
Truman shocked the nation when he announced this.
What was the race for creating the many types of atomic bombs called?
Arms Race
What “safety” slogan did many schools employ for the threat of the atomic bomb on U.S. soil?
“Duck and Cover”
Who were the most famous anti-Communist crusaders?
Richard Nixon and Joseph McCarther
Fired Communists in America.
Communists were considered a huge threat.
Who were the Rosenbergs?
Communist spies for Moscow who worked on the U.S. atomic bomb project.
Who was J. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina?
A vicious racist governor voted in by “Dixiecrats”.
Which party did most southern whites vote for during the Cold War?
Democrats
Created the new party called the “Dixiecrats”.
The first desegregated units were used during which war?
Korean War
What were the years of the Korean War?
1950 - 1953
Did North Korea or South Korea invade the other?
North Korea invaded South Korea by going through the 38th parallel line.
What was the 1950’s famous for?
Conformity
ex. Levittown
Who was the famous feminist writer during the 1950’s?
Betty Friedan
Wrote “The Feminine Mystique”
What was a popular “reality” T.V. show during the 1950’s?
Ozzie and Harriet
What was becoming faster during the 1950’s?
Food production
ex. McDonald’s
What increased exponentially in the workforce during the 1950’s?
Service Sector
What race groups were becoming famous during the 1950’s?
African Americans
Rock and Roll
Who was a famous white singer during the 1950’s?
Elvis Presley
What technology was becoming famous during the 1950’s? Who took advantage of this?
Television
Preachers
(ex. Baptist Billy Graham)
Due to the Red Scare/Cold War, what line become famous in America?
“One Nation Under God”
Tried to separate America from the “God-less” USSR.
Who had to make a speech to prove he was not a crook during the 1950’s?
Richard Nixon (running for Vice President)
Accused of secretly taking bribes.
Made the “Checkers Speech”
Who made Nixon his Vice President?
Dwight D. Eisenhower
What happened to Joseph McCarthy?
McCarthy was accusing the Army of having Communist members. Someone responded “Have you no decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?”
After the embarrassment of McCarthy, what happened to him?
Senate formally condemned him for “conduct unbecoming a member”. A few years later he died of alcohol poisoning.
Desegregation was taking place , but who was viciously killed for hitting on a white woman?
Emmett Till on a visit in Mississippi.
