Ch.31-33ish Flashcards
Which of the followings was NOT a major contributing factor to the onset of the Great Depression?
Technological advances had allowed farmers and manufacturers to overproduce, creating large inventories.
The average wage earner was not earning enough money to afford the many consumer goods new technology had made available.
Stock investors had been allowed to speculate wildly, creating an unstable and volatile stock market.
Major businesses were controlled by so few producers that the failure of any one had a considerable effect on the national economy.
All of the following are considerable historians as causes of the depression in 1929 EXCEPT…
economic weakness in the agricultural sector of the economy.
maldistribution of income.
the depressed condition of Europe’s economy.
boom and bust cycles on the stock market.
Of the following, the most important cause of the Great Depression was…
serious dislocations in international trade.
All of the following were causes of the Great Depression EXCEPT…
a weak foreign trade.
an overextension of credit.
agricultural overproduction.
an unequal distribution of wealth.
Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first two presidential terms included all of the following EXCEPT…
restricting agricultural production.
restoring public confidence in the banking system.
deficit financing.
creating new jobs in the public sector.
What does the term “Hooverville” mean and why?
Series of shacks people built to live in, due to the stock market crash of 1929. Many people blamed Hoover.
Unemployment rate during the darkest days of the Great Depression was…
25%
What are the names given to the terms that refer to the lines people stood in, during the Great Depression, to get food?
Breadlines and Soup-kitchens
During Roosevelt’s convention speech, he pledged the…
New Deal.
“We in America today are ____________ than ever before in the history of any land. We have not yet reached the goal-but… We shall soon, with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation.”
Fill in the blank. Who said this?
“nearer to the final triumph over poverty”
-Herbert Hoover
“The country needs and… demands bold, persistence experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. ____________.”
Fill in the blank. Who said this?
“try something”
-Franklin D. Roosevelt
What does the term “fireside chat” mean?
When Roosevelt talked over the radio to listening families. Did not happen often, but when they did they were popular.
Elenor Roosevelt was…
biggest advocate for the poor.
a First Lady who’ve came an effective lobbyist for the poor during the New Deal.
What and why was the Banking Holiday?
Roosevelt declared this day to close all U.S. financial institutions in order to stop and prepare for reforms.
Who was Francis Perkins?
First female cabinet member and was Roosevelt’s secretary of labor. Was at the shirtwaist fire. Architect behind social security.
Who was Harry Hopkins?
Influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies.
What did FDR do to raise farm prices?
Created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA). Paid farmers to not produce. The Supreme Court did not like the New Deal.
Which agency that worked to solve unemployment and conservation by employing youth in restoration or socially beneficial task.
Citizen Conservation Core
Which organization attempted to reorganize and reform U.S. industry? What was their emblem?
National Recovery Agency;
Eagle
Called all the new New Deal agencies…
Alphabet Soup.
What political party was FDR?
Democrat
Wanted large government.
Loved the Presidency.
Wanted more regulations on business.
What does CCC stand for? What did they do?
Civilian Conservation Corp
Employed young men on public works projects.
What does AAA stand for? What did they do?
Agricultural Adjustment Administration;
Paid farmers to reduce crops; funded by processing tax later declared unconstitutional.
What does TVA stand for? What did they do?
Tennessee Valley Authority
Constructed dam and power projects to improve Tennessee Valley Region.
What was the Banking Act of 1933?
Created FDIC and prohibited banks from selling stocks or financial cooperations.
What does FDIC stand for? What did they do?
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp
Insured individual bank deposits.
Still exists today.
What does NRA stand for? What did they do?
National Recovery Administration
Regulated industry and raised wages and prices.
What does SEC stand for? What did they do?
Securities and Exchange Commission
Regulated securities market.
Still exists.
What does FHA stand for? What did they do?
Federal Housing Administration
Insured bank loans for building and repairing homes.
Still exists.
What does WPA stand for? What did they do?
Works Progress Administration
Employed people to do public works, research, and artistic projects.
What was the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner-Connery Act)?
Recognized rights of labor to organize and bargain collectively; regulated labor practices.
What was the Social Security Act?
Provided unemployment benefits, pension, for the elderly, and survival insurance.
What was the Revenue Tax Act?
Increased taxes on wealthy businesses.
What was the Fair Labor Standards Act?
Established a minimum wage.
Dustbowl movie name?
Grapes of Wrath was a major motion picture about this.
What political party were most African Americans?
Democrats
Who was John J. Lewis?
Famous labor union leader (replaced Samuel Gompers). A miner who worked his way up to the presidency of the United Mine Workers of America. Later founded the Committee for Industrial Organization.
What famous strike took place?
General Motors Sit-down Strike
Refused to leave the factory and the company finally negotiated with the workers.
Roosevelt had forged a powerful and enduring coalition of the…
South, blacks, urbanites, and the poor.
“Bringing power to rural America” was the…
Tennessee Valley Authority
Who was the FHA? What did they do?
Federal Housing Administration
Still exists today.
Was very popular and helped pass Social Security.
What did Roosevelt want to do to the Supreme Court? How did most react?
Court packing scheme:
He wanted to expand the amount of Justices. Most, even in his own party, did not like this idea. Did not work and was a big mistake.
Who was Mary McLeod Bethune?
Roosevelt was the first to put African Americans in a position of power in the administration. Was an activist who organized the “Black Cabinet”. Made sure blacks benefited from the New Deal.
What was FDR’s theme song?
Happy Days
Was the Supreme Court liberal?
No, we’re conservative. Most of the time shut down FDR’s ideas.
What natural disaster was happening in the West?
The Dust Bowl
Who was Huey Long?
Said he was going to redistribute income. Called the program Share Our Wealth. (Was like Robin Hood)
Who was Father Charles Cogland?
What a priest radio speaker who talked about government.
Who stopped the liberal ascent started by FDR?
Ronald Reagan
What does America do when it is in a recession?
Build things to create jobs.
What was happening to the middle class?
It was expanding. The amount of labor unions were increasing (now decreasing), and more pay was given to most laborers.
Map of the TVA
Provided electricity for many families.
What was American’s foreign policy?
Big time ISOLATIONISTS!
Neutrality was written into our laws.
What policies did FDR instill?
Created a minimum wage.
FDIC
New Deal programs
Raised wealthy Americans taxes.
What does “time and a half” mean?
By law are required to be paid more per hour after working 40 hours.
Who formed the Axis powers?
Hitler: German
Mussolini: Italy
Japan
What happened in Russia during and after WWI? What did the U.S. do?
Became known as the Soviet Union.
Just ignored the Soviet Union, because of the Red Scare.
Did the U.S. fight with the Soviet Union in WWII?
Yes, because the common enemy was Germany. Americans still did not like the Soviet Union.
What was the mood of America towards war in the 1930’s?
Did not want to go to war.
Still isolationists.
Neutrality laws.
What was Japan doing to China?
Destroying and bombing the country.
Did FDR and Hitler ever have a meeting together?
No.
FDR sent a letter asking Hitler to not attack certain countries.
Hitler mocked FDR in a speech in which he listed all European countries.
Was the television invented during this time period?
No, people used radios instead.
What did the United States do to its army after WWI?
Completely downsized.
Was very small.
Who were part of the Allies?
Winston Churchill: Great Britain
FDR: United States
France
What was the Good Neighbor Policy?
FDR’s repudiation of Theodore R. Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating his intention to work cooperatively with the Latin American nations.
Was FDR neutral?
No, but the American people were.
Knew war was inevitable.
In his President FDR Quarantine Speech he said what?
Called for “positive endeavors” to “quarantine” the aggression-presumably by economic endeavors.
Where did the European powers meet to give into some of Hitler’s demands?
Munich, Germany Conference
What did Eleanor Roosevelt allow Marian Anderson to do?
Arranged for Marian (a black woman) to sing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, when she was banned from singing elsewhere.
Who did FDR invite to come to the U.S. for the first time?
British king and queen.
What was the Blitz?
Germany bombed Britain!
Lucky Churchill was able to escape.
Did Great Britain back down to Hitler?
No, was one of the few countries to not!
What was the Lend-Lease Law?
FDR said he they would lend the British weapons, and then after the war would return them to the U.S.
Was passed and signed into law.
Who saved the world in the 1930’s?
The Greatest Generation
What was the dumbest thing Hitler did during the war? What was the reaction?
Assaulted the Soviet Union.
Caused the U.S.-British agreement to promote democracy and establish a new international organization called the Atlantic Charter.
Started to create the United Nations.
Before Pearl Harbor the U.S. _____ war but never _____ war on Germany.
waged;declared
Before Pearl Harbor was the first time we had a draft without _________.
being in war yet.
