Chapter 34 Population

Question 1

Define emigration

Answer 1

the act of leaving the country to live in another country

Question 2

Define Birth rate

Answer 2

the number of births in a year per 1000 population in a year

Question 3

Define death rate

Answer 3

the number of deaths in a year per 1000 population in a year

Question 4

Net immigration

Answer 4

more people coming to live in the country than people leaving the country to live elsewhere

Question 5

Infant Mortality rate

Answer 5

the number of deaths per 1000 live births in a year

Question 6

net migration

Answer 6

the difference between immigration and emigration

Question 7

Factors that affect population growth (3)

Answer 7

Birth rate

Death rate

Immigration

Question 8

What is the birth rate influenced by (3)

Answer 8

the number of women in the population

female employment

customs and religions

Question 9

What is death rate influenced by (4)

Answer 9

Nutrition

housing conditions

lifestyles

working conditions

Question 10

Why may a birthrate of a country be high? (3)

Answer 10

Young aged population in which women marry young due to low education

women do not work

children are cheap to bring up

Question 11

Why might a country’s birthrate be low? (3)

Answer 11

expensive to have children (children go to school and pursue further education)

Women are well educated and opt to bear children in their later lives

Job market is open to women

Question 12

Reasons for migration (4)

Answer 12

search for a better job

search for better living standards

warmer climates, lower taxes

refuge from conflict

Question 13

Define population pyramid

Answer 13

a diagram showing the age and gender structure of a country’s population

Question 14

Dependency ratio calculation

Answer 14

(Num in Dependent age/Num in labour force) x 100

Question 15

Define dependency ratio

Answer 15

the proportion of the population that has to be supported by the labour force

Question 16

Define optimum population

Answer 16

The size of population which maximises the country’s output per head when combined with the other resources of land, capital and existing technical knowledge

Question 17

The positive effects of an increase in population (4)

Answer 17

If country is below optimum size, the country able to make better use of its resources

Size of market increases —>higher demand for g&s –> incentivises firms to expand –> take on more workers or invest into capital –> production increases –> able to take advantage of eos due to large scale

Increase in factor mobility - Expanding industries can recruit new workers, who are familiar with new ideas, to the labour force. This will lower training cost, easing the transition of a worker’s job from one to another.

A rise in the labour force - Net immigration brings in more workers.

Question 18

What are the negative effects of an increase in population (4)

Answer 18

Concerns about famine - If country is overpopulated and agricultural activity is low, there is a risk the country may not be able to feeds its people

Restrictions on improvements in living standards - Resources which could have been used to improve living standards
may have to be devoted to provision of good and services for the extra number of dependents in the population

Overcrowding - Increase in population may put pressure on housing and social capital

balance of payment pressures - More dependents in the population may result in a rise in imports and some products being exported may be needed in the home market

Question 19

Consequences of an ageing population (5)

Answer 19

A rise in the dependency ratio

A change in the labour force - Older workers may be employed due to their experience and patience

Higher demand for healthcare

Rise in cost of state and private pensions

Change in the pattern for demand

Question 19

Internal migration

Answer 19

movement of workers from rural to urban areas in search of better jobs and higher incomes

Question 20

Effects of net emigration (4)

Answer 20

Size of working population likely to be reduced

Greater burden of dependency

Average age of labour force increase —> make less mobile

Shortage of skilled workers

Question 21

Define worker’s remittances

Answer 21

When those who emigrate send money back home to help their relatives