Chapter 34: Immune System Modulation Flashcards
Antibody-mediated
Also known as Humoral
-Initiated when antigen encounters a b cell
-B cell is activated, divides into plasma cells which produces antibodies
- neutralizes foreign agent
-mark it for destruction by other defense cells
(Peak approx 10 days)
Memory B cells can speed up future defense against specific antigen (2-3 days)
Cell-mediated
Activation of specific T cells
- Helper T cells (augment or dampen immune response)
-Cytotoxic T cells (destroy non-self cells) KILLER
- travels the body killing bacteria, parasites, viruses, cancer cells
Cytokines are secreted by T cells
- hormone like proteins that regulate intensity and duration of immune response
-mediate cell-to- cell communication
(Interferon, interleukins)
Active Immunity
Immune system stimulated to produce antibodies
-exposure to antigen
-vaccines
Passive Immunity
Performed antibodies transferred from one person to another
-maternal antibodies across the placenta
-immune globulin (fast onset but only lasts 3-6 months)
- for those exposed, high risk, immunosuppressed
Attenuated vaccines
Live vaccines
-contain alive microbes but are weakened so they will not cause disease unless immunocompromised
MMR
MMR
Attenuated live vaccines
Inactivated vaccines
Contained microbes that have been inactivated by heat or chemicals and are unable to replicate or cause disease
I.e. influenza, HPV, Hep A
Influenza
Inactivated killed vaccine
HPV
Inactivated killed vaccine
Hep A
Inactivated killed vaccine
Toxoid vaccines
Contains bacterial toxins that have been chemically modified to be incapable of causing disease to induce formation of antibodies that are capable of neutralizing real toxins
Diphtheria and tetanus
Diphtheria and tetanus
Toxoid vaccines
Recombinant technology vaccines
Contain partial organisms or bacterial proteins that are generated in lab using biotechnology
Hep B
Hep B
Recombinant technology
