Chapter 33 Inflammation and Fever Flashcards
Vasodilation
Heat, redness
Vascular permeability
Edema
cellular infiltration
Pus
Thrombosis
Clots
Stimulation of nerve endings
Pain
Acute inflammation
Vasodilation, vascular permeability, stimulation of nerve endings, cellular infiltration, thrombosis
Bradykinin
Present in an inactive form in plasma and mast cells; effects are similar to histamine; vasodilator that causes pain; broken down by ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
Complement
Series of 20 proteins that combine in a cascade fashion that destroy or neutralize an antigen; stimulates release of histamine from mast cell
C-reactive protein
Protein found in plasma that is an early marker of inflammation
Cytokines
Proteins produced by leukocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that mediate and regulate immune and inflammatory reactions
Histamine
Stored and released by mast cells (located in tissue spaces under epithelial membranes, such as skin, bronchial tree, digestive tract, and along blood vessels); causes vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, tissue swelling, itching
Chemical mediator for inflammation
Leukotrienes
Stored and released from mast cells; effects are similar to histamine; contributes to symptoms of asthma and allergies
Prostaglandins
Present in most tissues and stored and released by mast cells; increases capillary permeability, attract WBC to site of inflammation, cause pain, induce fever
Tissue damage—> arachidonic acid—>COX-1 —>Cytoprotective prostaglandins
-Gastroprotection (decreasing acid production, increase mucus production)
- increased platelet aggregation
-renal (kidney) protection
-vasodilation
-bronchodilation
Tissue damage—> arachidonic acid —> COX-2–> inflammatory prostaglandins
Formed after tissue injury and promotes inflammation
- inflammation
-pain
-fever
-decrease platelet aggregation