Chapter 33 Inflammation and Fever Flashcards

1
Q

Vasodilation

A

Heat, redness

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2
Q

Vascular permeability

A

Edema

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3
Q

cellular infiltration

A

Pus

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4
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clots

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5
Q

Stimulation of nerve endings

A

Pain

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6
Q

Acute inflammation

A

Vasodilation, vascular permeability, stimulation of nerve endings, cellular infiltration, thrombosis

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7
Q

Bradykinin

A

Present in an inactive form in plasma and mast cells; effects are similar to histamine; vasodilator that causes pain; broken down by ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)

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8
Q

Complement

A

Series of 20 proteins that combine in a cascade fashion that destroy or neutralize an antigen; stimulates release of histamine from mast cell

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9
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Protein found in plasma that is an early marker of inflammation

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10
Q

Cytokines

A

Proteins produced by leukocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that mediate and regulate immune and inflammatory reactions

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11
Q

Histamine

A

Stored and released by mast cells (located in tissue spaces under epithelial membranes, such as skin, bronchial tree, digestive tract, and along blood vessels); causes vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, tissue swelling, itching

Chemical mediator for inflammation

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12
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Stored and released from mast cells; effects are similar to histamine; contributes to symptoms of asthma and allergies

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13
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Present in most tissues and stored and released by mast cells; increases capillary permeability, attract WBC to site of inflammation, cause pain, induce fever

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14
Q

Tissue damage—> arachidonic acid—>COX-1 —>Cytoprotective prostaglandins

A

-Gastroprotection (decreasing acid production, increase mucus production)
- increased platelet aggregation
-renal (kidney) protection
-vasodilation
-bronchodilation

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15
Q

Tissue damage—> arachidonic acid —> COX-2–> inflammatory prostaglandins

A

Formed after tissue injury and promotes inflammation
- inflammation
-pain
-fever
-decrease platelet aggregation

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16
Q

NSAIDS MOA

A

-Bind to COX enzymes which prevents arachidonic acid from accessing catalytic site of enzyme
- COX enzymes cannot act upon arachidonic acid to synthesize prostaglandins, which are associated with symptoms like swelling and pain

17
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) MOA

A

Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 (reversible) by binding to arginine molecule in both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to prevent arachidonic acid from entering the channel

Therefore, inhibiting prostaglandins —> NSAID reduces inflammation and relieves pain

Antipyretic—> effect on hypothalamus, by increasing blood flow, causing vasodilation and encouraging heart dissipation

Note: alternate to aspirin bc has less incidence of AE
Common SE N/V
Less incidence of gastric bleeding and ulceration compared to aspirin

18
Q

Aspirin for children under 18

A

Increased risk for Reye’s syndrome
Do not give when treat viral infection (influenza, varicella)
Do not give products that contain aspirin if they have flu symptoms, fever, chicken pox

Causes confusion, swelling in brain, and liver damage

19
Q

Salicylism

A

High doses of aspirin
Syndrome that include symptoms such as tinnitus (ringing in ears), dizziness, HA, excessive sweating , N/V
Buildup of aspirin in body to toxic levels, can occur if client ingest more aspirin than they excrete

20
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Rare but serious condition that causes confusion, swelling in brain, and liver damage

21
Q

is there an increase in thromboembolic event when taking non-aspirin NSAID

A

Yes

22
Q

Crushing Syndrome

A

Overtreatment of corticosteroids
Hallmark signs: fatty hump between your shoulders, rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on your skin
- body becomes accustomed to high doses of corticosteroids, patients must discontent drugs gradually
Abrupt withdrawal can result in adequate lack of adrenal function

23
Q

Indication for corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids)

A

Suppress severe/disabling inflammation but has potentially serious AE

24
Q

T/F acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin have equal efficacy in reliving pain and reducing fever

A

T

25
Q

MOA of acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

Reduce fever by direct action on hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels
Enables sweating and dissipation of heat
Not an anti-inflammatory agent

26
Q

Primary therapeutic usefulness of acetaminophen

A

Treatment of fever in children and for relief of mild and moderate pain when aspirin is contraindicated in the treatment of severe pain

May be combined with opioids

27
Q

T/F acetaminophen has an effect on platelet aggregation and cardio toxicity

A

FALSE