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Biology 106 > Chapter 34/53 - Quiz 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 34/53 - Quiz 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Almost all bilaterian animals belong to either…

A

Protostomes or deuterostomes

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2
Q

In protostomes the mouth developes from or near the…

A

Blastopore

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3
Q

In deuterostomes the blastopore gives rise to the_____ and the _____ developes in other ways

A

Anus, mouth

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4
Q

Spiralians develop as embryos using…

A

Spiral cleavage

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5
Q

The two clades of spiralians are…

A

Platyzoans and lophotrochozoans

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6
Q

Animals that have a simple body with no circulatory or respiratory system but complex reproductive system

A

Phylum platyhelminthes (flat worms)

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7
Q

The Ecdysozoa contains the…

A

Arthropods

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8
Q

Arthropods contain…

A

More species than any other phylum

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9
Q

Protostomes are divided into…

A

Spiralians, characterized by spiral cleavage and ecdysozoans

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10
Q

Reproductive systems of flatworms is best described as…

A

Hermaphroditic (have male and female)

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11
Q

Schistosomes live in the ____ and produce _____ eggs per day

A

Intestines, 300-3000

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12
Q

Rotifers are considered to be…

A

Pseudocoelomates

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13
Q

Rotifers contain…

A

Three cell layers, internal organs, and a complete gut

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14
Q

Mollusks contain…

A

Snails, slugs, clams, scallops, oysters, cuttelfish, octopuses, and many others

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15
Q

In a mllusk, the _____ is a thick epidermal sheet that covers the dorsal side of the body

A

Mantle

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16
Q

Mollusks have respiratory gills called….

A

Ctenidia

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17
Q

Water passes through the _____ carrying oxygen and carbon monoxide away

A

Mantle

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18
Q

Mollusks can extract _____ or more of the oxygen that passes through the mantle

A

50%

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19
Q

4 characteristics of mollisks are…

A

Muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle, and caphalization

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20
Q

mollusks use the _____ , a tonguelike structure for feeding

A

radula

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21
Q

The four most notable classes of mollusks are….

A

Polyplacophora - Chitons
Gastropoda - Slugs, Snails
Bivalvia - Clams, Oysters
Cephalopoda - Squids, octupus

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22
Q

Cephalopods are the only class of mollusk that…

A

have a circulatory system

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23
Q

mollusks have a reduced…

A

coelom

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24
Q

in Annelids, the digestive tract, from mouth to anus, goes through the…

A

septa

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25
Q

In annelids each portion of the digestive tract is…

A

specialized for a different function.

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26
Q

Annelids digestive systems consist of…

A

Phatynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine

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27
Q

Annelida are characterized by…

A

Segmented body, coelom, Setae, Complete digestive system, and closed circulatory system

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28
Q

Currently Annelids are classified into the classes…

A

Polychaeta and Clitellata

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29
Q

Examples of Annelids are…

A

Marine worms, Terrestrial worms, and leeches.

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30
Q

Polychaetes include…

A

clamworms, sealeworms, lugworms, sea mice, tubeworms, and many others

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31
Q

Earthworms and Leeches (Clitellata) are united by…

A

a thickened band on the body, like the saddle on an earthworm

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32
Q

Annelids generally exhibit…

A

segmentation

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33
Q

Each segment of Annelids have their own…

A

excretory and locomotor elements

34
Q

nematodes lack a…

A

respiratory system

35
Q

nematodes exchange oxygen and carbon through their…

A

cuticles

36
Q

nemtode symmetry can be described as…

A

bilaterally symmetrical

37
Q

Arthropods have four recognized extant classes. What are they?

A

Chelicerates, crustaceans, hexapods, and myriapods

38
Q

Arthropods have an extinct class called…

A

trilobites

39
Q

Arthropod success can be attributed to…

A

body segmentation, the exoskeleton

40
Q

In some arthropods, body segments are specialized into groups called…

A

tagmata

41
Q

in arthropods, the head and thorax fuse to form the cephalothorax, or…

A

prosoma

42
Q

Arthropoda of Ecdysozoa can be described as…

A

The most diverse lineage, metamorphosis common, compound eyes, antennae

43
Q

Arthropoda have…

A

a segmented body, exoskeleton composed of chitin, and jointed appendages

44
Q

Lineages in Arthropoda consist of…

A

Myriopoda, insecta, chelicerata, and crustacean

45
Q

Architecture in Animals can be characterized by…

A

number if tissue layers in an embryo, symmetry, nervous system, body cavity, and dev patterns

46
Q

Protostomes…

A

means mouth first before anus

47
Q

Deuterostomes…

A

means anus first before mouth (mouth second)

48
Q

Almost all animals are…

A

protostomes

49
Q

Protostomes consist of…

A

Platyzoa and Lophotrochozoa

50
Q

Platyhelminthes are characterized by…

A

Bilateral symmetry, triploblastic flatworms, cephalization

51
Q

Trematoda are…

A

all parasites and include liver fluke and blood flukes (schistosoma)

52
Q

Rotifers are…

A

Microscopic filter feeders

53
Q

cleavage is…

A

the rapid division of the zygote into a larger and larger number of smaller and smaller cells

54
Q

regulative development is when…

A

early blastomeres do not appear to be committed to a particular fate

55
Q

bastula is a…

A

hollow ball of cells

56
Q

Gastrulation…

A

forms the three primary germ layers and converts the blastula into a bilaterally symmetrical embryo

57
Q

Gastrulation also…

A

the three primary germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm

58
Q

In mammals, the placenta…

A

has made yolk dispensable

59
Q

the embryo obtains nutrients from its mother…

A

following implantation into the uterine wall

60
Q

The amnion is the…

A

inner membrane that surrounds the embryo and suspends it in amniotic fluid

61
Q

Gastrulation involves cell rearrangement and migration to produce…

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

62
Q

In sea urchins, endoderm forms by invagination of the…

A

blastula

63
Q

organogenesis is…

A

the formation of the organs in their proper locations

64
Q

organogenesis follows rapidly on the heels of gastrulation, and in many animals begins…

A

before gastrulation is complete

65
Q

The process of organogenesis in vertebrates begins with the formation of…

A

the notochord and the hollow dorsal nerve cord

66
Q

The notochord forms from

A

mesoderm

67
Q

The notochord is visible…

A

first visible soon after gastrulation is complete

68
Q

The notochord is…

A

a flexible rod located along the dorsal midline in the embryos of all chordates

69
Q

Cranial neural crest cells contribute significantly to…

A

development of

skeletal and connective tissues of the face and skull, nervous system, and pigment cells

70
Q

Somitogenesis is the division of…

A

mesoderm into somites

71
Q

The evolution of the _____ _____ led to the appearance of many vertebrate-specific adaptations.

A

neural crest

72
Q

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—are referred to as…

A

primary inductions

73
Q

Inductions between tissues that have already been specified to develop along a particular developmental pathway are called…

A

secondary inductions

74
Q

Primary inductions between germ layers lead to development of…

A

the vertebrate nervous system

75
Q

secondary inductions result in formation of structures such as…

A

the lens of the eye

76
Q

The trophoblast cells of the blastocyst digest their way into the endometrial lining of the uterus in the process known as…

A

implantation

77
Q

Organogenesis begins during the fourth week and…

A

eyes form.

tubular heart develops its four chambers and starts to pulsate rhythmically

78
Q

Organogenesis continues during the second month and…

A

limbs assume shapes. The arms, legs, knees, elbows, fingers, and toes can all be seen—as well as a short bony tail

79
Q

The third trimester is predominantly a period of…

A

growth and maturation of organs

80
Q

high levels of _____ stimulate the development of the mammary alveoli

A

progesterone

81
Q

high levels of _____ stimulate the development of the alveolar ducts

A

estradiol

Biology 106 (2 decks)

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