Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 106 > Chapter 33 - Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 - Quiz 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

features of major importance exhibited by most species are convincing evidence that animals are a

A

monophyletic group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

being a monophyletic group means…

A

all members more closely related to each other than any members are to another type of organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A heterotroph is…

A

an organism that ingests other organisms to obtain energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All animals are…

A

multicellular and heterotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

perhaps their most striking characteristic, one directly related to the flexibility of their cells and the evolution of nerve and muscle tissues is an animals ability to…

A

move more rapidly and in more complex ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Almost all animals lack a…

A

backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most animals reproduce…

A

sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Animal cells lack…

A

cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What Five key innovations can be noted in animal evolution?

A

symmetry;

tissues, allowing specialized structures and functions,

a body cavity;

various patterns of embryonic development; and

segmentation, or repeated body units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Other than the typical sponge, Virtually all other animals have…

A

a definite shape and radial or bilateral symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

phylum Cnidaria contains…

A

jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cnidaria exhibit _______ Symmetry

A

radial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

radial symmetry means…

A

an organisms parts are arranged in such a way that any longitudinal plane passing through the central axis divides the organism into halves that are approximate mirror images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The bodies of most animals other than sponges and cnidarians exhibit _______ Symmetry

A

bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bilateral symmetry means…

A

the body has right and left halves that are mirror images of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Animals with bilateral symmetry are called…

A

bilateria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In some animals pseudocoelom develops embryologically between the…

A

mesoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pseudocoelom means…

A

False coelom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A coelom is a cavity that develops entirely in the…

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the coelom is surrounded by wahas referred to as the…

A

peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In most animals, the circulatory system is used for…

A

distributing nutrients to the body and removes waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In a protostome, the mouth of the adult animal develops from the…

A

blastopore or from an opening near the blastopore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

protostome means…

A

“first mouth”—the first opening becomes the mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Protostomes include most…

A

bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids, and arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the echinoderms and the chordates—together with a few other small phyla, constitute the…

A

deuterostomes

26
Q

deuterostome means…

A

“second mouth”

27
Q

In some protostomes, each new cell cleaves off to the right or left, producing a layer of cells shifted to one side or the other, This is called…

A

spiral cleavage

28
Q

When cells divide parallel to and at right angles to the polar axisgives rise to a loosely packed ball its called …

A

radial cleavage

29
Q

determinate development…

A

means the type of tissue each embryonic cell will form in the adult is determined early

30
Q

indeterminate development…

A

means each cell remains totipotent and its fate is not determined for several cleavages

31
Q

Segmented animals consist of…

A

a series of linearly arrayed compartments that typically look alike, at least early in development, but that may have specialized functions

32
Q

Segmentation…

A

underlies the organization of body plans of the most morphologically complex animals

33
Q

Animals are distinguished on the basis of…

A

symmetry, tissues, type of body cavity, sequence of embryonic development, and segmentation

34
Q

Within bilaterians, protostomes develop the mouth prior to the anus; deuterostomes…

A

develop the mouth after the anus has formed

35
Q

the state of the internal cavity is…

A

is not a reliable character to infer phylogenetic relationships

36
Q

Protostomes consist of…

A

spiralians and ecdysozoans

37
Q

There are two main groups of spiralians called:

A

Lophotrochozoa and Platyzoa

38
Q

Deuterostomes include…

A

chordates and echinoderms

39
Q

despite great differences in appearance, Deuterostomes…

A

consist of fewer phyla and species than protostomes, and are more uniform in many ways

40
Q

They share a mode of development that is evidence of their evolution from a common ancestor…

A

Echinoderms such as sea stars, and chordates such as humans

41
Q

Parazoa are defined as…

A

animals that lack specialized tissue

42
Q

A third of animal phyla consist of…

A

a wormy body plan

43
Q

The basic body plan for which the rest of the animal kingdom evolved is…

A

the simplest members, the worms, jellyfish, and sponges

44
Q

Traditionally Systematists divided the kingdoms into…

A

two kingdoms, the
Parazoa (near animals such as sponges) and the

Eumetazoa (True animals that have a defined shape and symmetry)

45
Q

Now most Systematists believe that Parazoa and Eumetazoa…

A

Came fro ma single common ancestor

46
Q

Most members of the Sponge Phylum…

A

lack symmetry

47
Q

Sponges lack…

A

a head, head, appendages, a mouth, an anus, and the organized internal structure characteristic of all other animals

48
Q

What distinguishes sponges as truly multi-cellular?

A

it contains several types of cell types

49
Q

The body of a sponge is…

A

bounded by an outer epithelium consisting of flattened cells somewhat like those that make up the outer layers of animals in other phyla.

50
Q

a large sponge has multiple …

A

oscula

51
Q

some sponges epithelial cells are specialized to surround the…

A

ostia

52
Q

Between the outer and inner layers of cells, sponges consist mainly of a gelatinous, protein-rich matrix called the…

A

mesohyl

53
Q

amoeboid cells secrete needles of calcium carbonate or silica known as…

A

spicules

54
Q

a spongin is a….

A

a tough protein fiber sometimes secreted by sponges amoeboid cells

55
Q

Choanocytes help circulate water through the…

A

sponge

56
Q

sponges reproduce both…

A

asexually and sexually

57
Q

Sponge sperm are created by…

A

the transformation of choanocytes

58
Q

Generally Sponges lack both…

A

Symmetry and tissue level development

59
Q

Sponges are composed of…

A

amoeboid cells, Choanocytes, and epithelial cells

60
Q

Choanocytes have…

A

flagella that beat to circulate water through the sponge body, allowing food particles to be trapped.

Biology 106 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions