Chapter 34

Question 1

Vertebrates

Answer 1

Animals with a dorsal column of cartilaginous or bony structures and a skull enclosing the brain

Question 2

Invertebrates

Answer 2

A paraphyletic group composed of animals without a backbone. Includes about 95% of all animal species.

Question 3

Radial summetry

Answer 3

An animal body pattern in which there at least two planes of symmetry. Typically the body is in the form of a cylinder or disk, with body parts radiating from a central hub

Question 4

Pentaradial symmetry

Answer 4

Five-sided radial symmetry ex: star fish

Question 5

Endoskeleton

Answer 5

A hard structure located just inside a thin layer of epidermal tissue that provides protection and support

Question 6

Echinodermata

Answer 6

A large and diverse phylum that is exclusively marine. Named for the spines and spikes in many species

Question 7

Water vascular system

Answer 7

A series of branching, fluid-filled tubes and chambers

Question 8

Tube feet

Answer 8

Elongated, fluid-filled appendages

Question 9

Podia

Answer 9

Sections of the tube feet that project outside the Body and make contact with the substrate

Question 10

Pharyngeal gill slits

Answer 10

Opening into the throat

Question 11

Nerve cord

Answer 11

A bundle of nerves extending from the brain along the dorsal side of the chordate animal with cerebrospinal fluid inside a hollow central channel

Question 12

Notochord

Answer 12

A stiff and supportive but flexible rod which runs length of the body

Question 13

Cephalochordates

Answer 13

Small, mobile, torpedo shaped animals with a fish like appearance and make their living by suspension feeding

Question 14

Urochordata

Answer 14

Sessile, filter feeding animals that have a polysaccharide exoskeleton and two siphons through which water enters and leaves

Question 15

Cranium

Answer 15

A skull- A bony, cartilaginous, or fibrous case that encloses the brain

Question 16

Vertebrae

Answer 16

A column of cartilaginous structures which form along the dorsal side of the body

Question 17

Forbrain

Answer 17

Housing the sense of smell

Question 18

Midbrain

Answer 18

Associated with vision

Question 19

Hindbrain

Answer 19

Responsible for balance and sometimes hearing

Question 20

Cerebrum

Answer 20

The most anterior section of the vertebrate Brain. Divided into left and right hemispheres and four lobes and used for interpreting information

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

Posterior section of the brain that is involved in coordination of complex muscle movements such as required for locomotion and maintaining balance

Question 22

Medulla oblangata

Answer 22

In vertebrates, a region of the brain stem that along with the cerebellum forms the hindbrain

Question 23

Cartilage

Answer 23

A type of vertebrate connective tissue that consists of relatively few cells scattered in a stiff matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers.

Question 24

Bone

Answer 24

A type of vertebrate connective tissue consisting of living cells and blood vessels within a hard extracellular matrix composed of calcium phosphate and small amounts of calcium carbonate and protein fibers

Question 25

Endoskeleton

Answer 25

Bony and or cartilaginous structures within the body that provide support

Question 26

Exoskeleton

Answer 26

A hard covering secreted on the outside of the body, used for body support, protection, and muscle attachment.

Question 27

Gnathostomes

Answer 27

Animals with jaws

Question 28

Tetrapods

Answer 28

Animals with four legs

Question 29

Amniotic egg

Answer 29

An egg that has a water tight shell or case enclosing a membrane bound water supply, food supply, and waste sack

Question 30

Albumen

Answer 30

a solution of water and protein, found in amniotic eggs, that nourishes the growing embryo. Also called egg white

Question 31

Gill arches

Answer 31

In the aquatic vertebrates, curved region of tissue between the gills. Gills are suspended from the gill arches.

Question 32

Somites

Answer 32

Paired blocks of mesoderm on both sides of the developing spinal cord in a vertebrate embryo.

Question 33

Deuterosomes

Answer 33

A major lineage of animals that share a pattern of embryological development, including formation of the anus earlier than the mouth and formation of the coelom by pinching off of layers of mesoderm from the gut

Question 34

Jaws

Answer 34

each of the upper and lower bony structures in vertebrates forming the framework of the mouth and containing the teeth.

Question 35

Pharyngeal jaw

Answer 35

Having modified gill arches that function as a second set of jaws

Question 36

Grade

Answer 36

A sequence of lineages that are paraphyletic

Question 37

Feather

Answer 37

A specialized skin outgrowth composed of B-keratin present in all birds and only in birds. Used for flight, insulation, display etc.

Question 38

Keel

Answer 38

Breast bone

Question 39

Oviparous

Answer 39

Egg-laying

Question 40

Viviparous

Answer 40

Live birth

Question 41

Ovoviviparous

Answer 41

Eggs developed inside the body and then later once they are ready to hatch

Question 42

Placenta

Answer 42

An organ that is rich in blood vessels and that facilitates a flow of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing offspring

Question 43

Gestation

Answer 43

A developmental period

Question 44

Lactate

Answer 44

Animals that produce milk and use it to feed their offspring after birth

Question 45

Parental care

Answer 45

Behavior by a parent that improves the ability of its offspring to survive

Question 46

Mammary gland

Answer 46

A unique structure that makes lactation possible

Question 47

Hagfish

Answer 47

A fish that lack a jaw and look like an eel.