Chapter 33: Self-Concept Flashcards
Self-concept
Is an individual’s view of self.
What occurs during the, “Trust vs, mistrust (Birth to 1 year),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Develops trust following consistency in care giving and nurturing interactions. Distinguishes self from environment.
What occurs during the, “Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1 to 3 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Begins to communicate likes and dislikes. Increasingly independent in thoughts and actions. Appreciates body appearance and function.
What occurs during the, “Initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Identifies with a gender. Enhances self-awareness. Increases language skills, including identification of feelings.
What occurs during the, “Industry vs. inferiority (6 to 12 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Incorporates feedback from peers and teachers. Increases self-esteem with new skill mastery. Aware of strengths and limitations.
What occurs during the, “Identity vs. role confusion (12 to 20 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Accepts body changes and maturation. Examines attitudes, values, and beliefs. Feels positive about expanded sense of self.
What occurs during the, “Intimacy vs. isolation (20 to 40 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Has stable, positive feelings about self. Experiences successful role transitions and increased responsibilities.
What occurs during the, “Generativity vs. self-absorption (40 to 60 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Able to accept changes in appearance and physical endurance. Reassesses life goals. Shows contentment with aging.
What occurs during the, “Ego integrity vs. despair (60 years old to death),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Feels positive about life and its meaning. Interested in providing a legacy for the next generation.
Identity
Involves the internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations.
Body image
Involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function.
Role performance
Is the way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles.
Self-esteem
Is an individual’s overall feeling of self-worth or the emotional appraisal of self-concept.
Identity confusion
Results when people do not maintain a clear, consistent, and continuous consciousness of personal identity.
What are factors that influence self-concept?
Identity stressors body image stressors, role performance stressors, and self-esteem stressors.
Role conflict
Results when a person has to simultaneously assume two or more roles that are inconsistent, contradictory, or mutually exclusive.
Sick role
Involves the expectations of others and society regarding how an individual behaves when sick.
Role ambiguity
Involves unclear role expectations, which makes people unsure about what to do or how to do it, creating stress and confusion.
Role strain
Combines role conflict and role ambiguity.
Role overload
Involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role then are manageable.
Assessment
Observe for behaviors that suggest an alteration in the patient’s self-concept. Assess the patient’s cultural background. Assess the patient’s coping skills and resources. Determine the patient’s feelings and perceptions about changes in body image, self-esteem, or role. Assess the quality of the patient’s relationships.
Planning
Select therapies that strengthen or maintain the patient’s coping skills. Involve the patient to ensure that realistic therapies are chosen. Refer to community services as appropriate. Minimize stressors affecting the patient’s self-concept.
Evaluation
Observe the patient’s nonverbal behaviors. Ask the patient to share opinions and ideas. Observe the patient’s appearance. Ask the patient if expectations are being met.
What are the components of self-concept?
Identity, body image, and role performance.
Body image stressors
Include changes in physical appearance, structure, or functioning caused by normal developmental changes or illness.
Self-esteem stressors
Include developmental and relationship changes, illness, surgery, accidents, and the responses of other individuals to change resulting from these events.
Role stressors
Includes role conflict, role ambiguity, and role strain, originate in unclear or conflicting role expectations: the effects of illness often aggravate this.
Implementation
Involve expanding a patient’s self-awareness, encouraging self-exploration, aiding in self-evaluation, helping formulate goals in regard to adaptation, and assisting a patient in achieving these goals.
What behaviors suggest an alteration of self-concept?
Avoidance of eye contact, slumped posture, unkempt appearance, overly apologetic, hesitant speech, overly critical or angry, frequent or inappropriate crying, negative self-evaluation, excessively dependent, hesitant to express views or opinions, lack of interest in what is happening, passive attitude, or difficulty in making decisions.
How does family affect self-concept development?
The family plays a key role in creating and maintaining the self-concepts of its members. Family and cultural factors sometimes influence negative health practices.
