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AP Biology > Chapter 33: Invertebrates > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Invertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals that lack a backbone. Includes 95% of animal species.

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2
Q

Placozoa

A

(1 species), An animal phylum with one species, Trichoplax adhaerens, which is a double layered blob 2mm across.

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3
Q

Kinorhyncha

A

(150 species), An animal phylum whose members live in sand and mud in oceans up to great depth. The organisms are tiny (<1mm in length) and segmented.

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4
Q

Porifera

A

(5500 species)

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5
Q

Cnidaria

A

(10 000 species)

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6
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

(20 000 species) Triploblastic, acoelomates. One opening in gastrovascular cavity.

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7
Q

Rotifera

A

(1800 species) alimentary canal instead of gastrovascular cavity. pseudocoelom. reproduce by parthenogenesis.

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8
Q

Ectoprocta

A

(4500 species) Phylum of Lophophorates. Colonial animals with hard exoskeleton, resemble plants, build reefs.

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9
Q

Phoronida

A

(20 species) Phylum of Lophophorates. tube-dwelling marine worms

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10
Q

Acanthocephala

A

(1100 species) Worms with curved hooks at the anterior end of their body.

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11
Q

Ctenophora

A

(100 species) Diploblastic, propel through the water using combs of cilia and catch prey with sticky threads.

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12
Q

Loricifera

A

(10 species) Strange microorganisms that live at the deep sea bottom with a head neck and thorax that can come in and out of a protective lorica.

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13
Q

Priapula

A

(16 species) Worms with a large proboscis at the anterior end. They live in sediments.

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14
Q

Cycliophora

A

(1 species) A very unusual micro organism that lives on lobsters and fertilizes before birth.

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15
Q

Tardigrada

A

(800 species) Microscopic “Water bears” that move slowly and can survive very harsh conditions.

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16
Q

Onychophora

A

(110 species) Velvet worms that live only in humid forests. Fleshy antennae and several dozen saclike legs.

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17
Q

Hemichordata

A

(85 species) Deuterostomes, gill slits, dorsal nerve chord. Marine acorn worms.

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18
Q

Brachiopoda

A

(335 species) Phylum of Lophophorates. Lamp shells, look like clams, but dorsal and ventral shells rather than lateral.

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19
Q

Nemertea

A

(900 species) Proboscis worms or ribbon worms. acoelomate but residual structure, hydraulic proboscis for prey. alimentary canal and closed circulatory system.

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20
Q

Mollusca

A

(93 000 species) Foot. Visceral mass. mantle. Mantle cavity. Radula.

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21
Q

Annelida

A

(16 500 species) Oligochaetes. Polychaetes. Leeches. Coelum.

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22
Q

Nematoda

A

(25 000 species) Non segmented. Longitudinal muscles. Parasitic. Ubiquitous. Pseudocoelom.

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23
Q

Arthropoda

A

(1 000 000+ species) Exoskeleton. Molting. Open Circulatory System.

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24
Q

Echinodermata

A

(7000 species) Deuterostome. Sea Star. Sea Urchin. Water Vascular System.

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25
Q

Chordata

A

(52 000 species) Deuterostomes. Notochord. Dorsal Nerve Chord. Pharyngeal Slits (“gills” on the throat)

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26
Q

Suspension Feeders

A

Organisms that capture food particles suspended in the water that pass through their body.

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27
Q

Spongecoel

A

Central cavity of a sponge.

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28
Q

Osculum

A

Opening out of the spongecoel.

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29
Q

Choanocytes

A

(collar cells) Cells which line the inside of the spongecoel and generate a water current. They phagocytose particles which get trapped in their collars.

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30
Q

Mesohyl

A

The gelatinous layer between the inner and outer layers of sponge cells.

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31
Q

Amoebocytes

A

Cell which wander around the mesohyl of sponges. They transport nutrients and build skeletal fibers.

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32
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

Animals which are both male and female.

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33
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

The central digestive compartment inside the sac of a cnidarian.

34
Q

Polyps

A

Cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate by the aboral end of the body (the end opposite the mouth). Cnidarians

35
Q

Medusa

A

Flattened, mouth-down version of the polyp. Moves freely in the water. Cnidarians.

36
Q

Cnidocytes

A

Unique cells that function in defense and capture of prey. Capsule organelles that can evert.

37
Q

Nematocysts

A

Stinging capsules. Cnidarians

38
Q

Hydrozoans

A

Cnidarian. Both polyp and medusa stages. Colonial polyp stage.

39
Q

Scyphozoa

A

Cnidarians. Polyp stage reduced. Jellies.

40
Q

Cubozoa

A

Cnidarians. Box-shaped medusae, complex eyes

41
Q

Anthozoa

A

Cnidarians. Medusa stage absent. most sessile.

42
Q

Turbellarians

A

Best known are planarians. predators and scavengers. ciliated

43
Q

Monogeneans and Trematodes

A

parasites. simple and complex life cycles. vertebrate hosts.

44
Q

Cestoda

A

Parasites of vertebrates. Scolex attaches to host. Life cycle with intermediate hosts. no digestive system

45
Q

Planarians

A

Members of the Platyhelminthes phylum and Turbellarian Class.

46
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

A digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus.

47
Q

Closed Circulatory System

A

Blood contained in vessels, but no heart.

48
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Reproduction where females produce females without fertilization.

49
Q

Foot

A

Muscular for movement

50
Q

Visceral mass

A

Contains internal organs

51
Q

Mantle

A

Fold of tissue that covers visceral mass and secretes a shell.

52
Q

Mantle Cavity

A

Contains gills, anus, and excretory pores.

53
Q

Radula

A

Used to scrape of food

54
Q

Trochophore

A

Ciliated larval stage

55
Q

Chitons

A

Oval-shaped with eight dorsal plates. Class of Molluscs

56
Q

Gastropods

A

slugs. snails. torsion. spiralled shell for retreat. slow movement. Class of Molluscs

57
Q

Torsion

A

Visceral mass rotates up to 180˚ causing anus and mantle cavity to wind up above its head.

58
Q

Bivalves

A

Class of Molluscs. Clams. Mussels. Scallops. Suspension feeders. Some can move.

59
Q

Cephalopods

A

Octupi, squids, chambered nautiluses. Most have lost shell. Closed circulatory system. Siphon powered jet propulsion.

60
Q

Oligochaetes

A

Annelida. reduced head. no parapodia, but chaetae present.

61
Q

Chaetae

A

bristles for traction for burrowing

62
Q

Polychaete

A

Annelida. Parapodia, almost feet.

63
Q

Leeches

A

Annelida. Parasitic. Feast on blood. Anesthetic and anti-blood clotting secretions

64
Q

Cheliceriforms

A

spiders, horseshoe crabs, ticks. chelicerae. earliest were eurypterids. book lungs

65
Q

Chelicerae

A

clawlike feeding appendages which serve as pincers or fangs

66
Q

eurypterids

A

water scorpions.

67
Q

Book Lungs

A

Respiration in Spiders

68
Q

Myriapods

A

Centipedes, Millipedes. Jaw-like mandibles

69
Q

Incomplete Metamorphosis

A

Young resemble adults, but are smaller, have different body proportions, and lack wings

70
Q

Complete Metamorphosis

A

Specialized stages that look nothing like the adult

71
Q

Crustaceans

A

Lobsters. Krill. Barnacles.

72
Q

Isopods

A

Pill bugs

73
Q

Decapods

A

Lobsters. crayfish, crabs, shrimp

74
Q

Copepods

A

Krill

75
Q

Asteroidea

A

Sea Stars.

76
Q

Ophiuroidea

A

Distinct central disk; long, flexible arms; tube feet lack suckers

77
Q

Echinoidea

A

sea urchins, sand dollars

78
Q

Holothuroidea

A

Sea Cucumber, five rows of tube feet

79
Q

Concentricycloidea

A

Disk-shaped body ringed with small spines; incomplete digestive system

80
Q

Tube Feet

A

Adaptation found in echinoderms that functions in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange.

AP Biology (4 decks)

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