Chapter 33 - deWitt Flashcards
Where one drug modifies the action of another
interactions
Are nurses legally held responsible for the safe and therapeutic effects of the drugs they are administering?
yes
Points you need to remember about the drug or teach to the patient
nursing implications
Drug name not protected by trademark
generic name
Drug name protected by a trademark
trade name
These drugs inhibit clotting of blood (Sodium warfarin, heparin)
Anticoagulants
These drugs increase blood flow to the heart (Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate diltiazem)
Antianginals
These drugs regulate the heart rate (Lidocaine, atropine, amiodarone)
Antiarrhythmics
These drugs control high blood pressure (Atenolol, enalapril maleate, captopril, clonidine)
Antihypertensives
These drugs lower abnormal blood lipid levels (Lovastatin, atorvastatin)
Antilipidemics
These drugs inhibit platelet aggregation (Clopidogrel bisulfate)
Antiplatelets
These drugs strengthen the contraction of the heart (Digoxin, digitalis)
Cardiotonics
These drugs reduce edema and increase urine output (Furosemide, cholorthiazide, bumetanide)
Diuretics
These drugs promote clotting of blood (Vitamin K5, absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam))
Hemostatics
These drugs relieve anxiety, reduce activity, and promote sleep (Chloral hydrate, secobarbital, flurazepam, zolpidem tartrate)
Hypnotics, sedatives
These drugs increase mental alertness and function (Caffeine, methyphenidate, dextroamphetamine, modafinil)
Stimulants
These drugs relieve depression (Amitriptyline, doxepin)
Tricyclic antidepressants
These drugs relieve depression (Paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
These drugs relieve anxiety (Lorazepam, buspirone, diazepam)
Anxiolytics
These drugs relieve psychotic symptoms (Aripiprazole, haloperidol, olanzapine, ziprasidone)
Antipsychotics
These drugs reduce congestion and allergic reactions (Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine)
Antihistamines
These drugs control muscle spasms and tension (Baclofen, carisoprodol)
Muscle relaxants
These drugs relieve moderate to severe pain (Morphine, codeine, meperidine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, oxycodone)
Narcotics (opioids)
These drugs relieve mild pain (Aspirin, acetaminophen)
Non-narcotics (nonopioids)
These drugs reduce inflammation and pain (Ibuprofen, naproxen, sulindac)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
These drugs slow progression of disease (Donepezil, rivastigmine)
Alzheimer disease drugs
These drugs control epileptic seizures and tremors (Phenytoin, paramethadione, phenobarbital)
Antiepileptics
These drugs relieve cough (Codeine, dextromethorphan, guaifenesin)
Antitussives
These drugs relieve obstruction of air passages (Terbutaline, albuterol, metaproterenol)
Bronchodiliators and expectorants
These drugs neutralize stomach acid (Aluminum hydroxide, magaldrate, aluminum carbonate)
Antacids
These drugs decrease gastric acid secretion (Ranitdine, omeprazole, pantoprazole, Iansoprazole)
Antisecretories
These drugs reduce spasms and secretions of stomach (Propantheline)
Anticholinergics
These drugs reduce bowel irritability and movement (Diphenoxylate, kaolin and pectin, loperamide, octreotide)
Antidiarrheals
These drugs relieve nausea and control vomiting (Promethazine, metoclopramide, dolasetron mesylate, ondansetron)
Antiemetics
These drugs promote bowel movements (Bisacodyl, magnesium hydroxide, senna)
Cathartics, laxatives
These drugs add water or bulk to stool and aid defecation (Docusate calcium, docusate sodium)
Stool softeners
These drugs inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms (Erythomycin, cephalosporin, penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin)
Antibiotics
The study of how drugs enter the body and reach their site of action, and how they are metabolized and excreted
pharmacokinetics
break down
degrade
The study of a drug’s effect on cellular physiology and biochemistry and its mechanism of action
pharmacodynamics
unintended actions
side effects
undesirable effects with more serious consequences
adverse effects
Drugs that produce a response
agonists
Drugs that block a response
antagonists
highest concentration
peak level
lowest concentration
trough level
severe allergic reaction
anaphylaxis
The range of levels of the drug in the blood that will produce the desired effect without causing toxic effects
therapeutic range
harmful effects
toxic effects
an FDA designation that the drug may have serious side effects or health risks
“black box” warnings
combined interaction
synergistic effect
medication is given by mouth and swallowed with fluid
oral (PO)
Drug is placed under the tongue, where it readily dissolves. Should not be swallowed
Sublingual (SL)
Solid medication is placed in the mouth against the mucous membrane of the cheek until it dissolves. Should not be chewed or swallowed
Buccal
Medication is injected into the dermis just under the epidermis
Intradermal
Medication is injected into the tissues just below the dermis of the skin
Subcutaneous
Medication is injected into a muscle
Intramuscular (IM)
Medication is injected into a vein
Intravenous (IV)
Medication is injected into the epidural space of spinal column
Epidural
Medication is injected into the intrathecal space of spinal column
Intrathecal
Medication is applied to the skin, eye, or ear for local effect
Topical
Medication is applied in a small area for slow systemic absorption
Transdermal
Medication is inserted into vagina for local treatment
Vaginal
Medication is inserted into rectum for local or systemic effect
Rectal
Medication is inhaled into the nose or lungs for local and systemic effect
Inhalation
The process of identifying all the patient’s medications and communicating this information to the patient and staff
Medication reconciliation
reasons not to administer a drug
contraindications
a record listing medications prescribed and times to be given
medication administration record (MAR)
The right drug, dose, route, time, and patient should be checked how many times?
Three