Chapter 33: Conflict and Deadlock-The Eisenhower Years

Question 1

Brinkmanship

Answer 1

Belief that only by going to the brink of war could the United States protect against communist aggression

Question 2

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 2

The 1952 landmark US Supreme Court decision that struck down racial segregation in public schools and declared “separate but equal” unconstitutional

Question 3

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Answer 3

U.S. intelligence gathering organization

Question 4

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Answer 4

Law that established a federal Civil Rights Commission

Question 5

Dien Bien Phu

Answer 5

Cluster of Vietnamese villages and site of a major Vietnamese victory over the French in the First Indochina War

Question 6

Domino Theory

Answer 6

Idea that if a nation falls to communism, its closest neighbors will also fall under communist control

Question 7

Dynamic Conservatism

Answer 7

Eisenhower’s belief in being conservative with money (spending), but liberal with human beings (favored expansion of social welfare programs)

Question 8

French Indochina

Answer 8

French colonies of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

Question 9

Little Rock Nine

Answer 9

Nine African American students who attempted to enroll in Little Rock High School. President Eisenhower federalized the National Guard to escort the students to classes.

Question 10

Massive Retaliation

Answer 10

Policy of threatening to use massive force in response to aggression

Question 11

META/Baghdad Pact Organization

Answer 11

A defensive alliance for promoting shared political, military, and economic goals founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan, and Iran. Its main goal was to prevent communist intrusion and promote peace in the Middle East

Question 12

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 12

1955-1956 protest by African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, against racial segregation in the bus system

Question 13

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Answer 13

Government agency that coordinates U.S. efforts in space

Question 14

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Answer 14

Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans

Question 15

Nonviolent Civil Disobedience

Answer 15

Tactic of defying unjust laws through peaceful actions championed by Martin Luther King Jr.

Question 16

Separate but equal

Answer 16

The legal doctrine that allowed racial segregation in the United States after the original Plessy v. Ferguson was decided by the US Supreme Court (1896)

Question 17

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Answer 17

Civil rights organization formed by Martin Luther King Jr. that championed nonviolent direct action as a means of ending segregation

Question 18

Viet Cong

Answer 18

Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam who launched attacks on the Diem government

Question 19

Warren Court

Answer 19

Supreme Court of 1960s under Chief Justice Earl Warren, whose decisions supported civil rights, civil liberties, voting rights, and personal privacy