CHAPTER 33 ANIMAL NUTRITION

Question 1

herbivores

Answer 1

eat mainly plants and algae (flat teeth

Question 2

carnivores

Answer 2

eat other animals (sharp teeth)

Question 3

omnivores

Answer 3

regulatory consume animals (flat teeth in the back, sharp in the front)

Question 4

what are the four essential nutrients

Answer 4

fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals

Question 5

fatty acids

Answer 5

converted into a variety of cellular components, such as membrane phospholipids, signaling molecules, storage fats
unsaturated fats = kinky bond= liquid at room temp
saturated fats = complete bonds = solid at room temp

Question 6

amino acid

Answer 6

animal sources provide amino acids, building blocks of protein

Question 7

vitamins

Answer 7

organic molecules required in the diet, in small amounts A,C,D

Question 8

minerals

Answer 8

simple inorganic nutrients required in small amounts like iron

Question 9

main stages of food processing

Answer 9

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 10

ingestion

Answer 10

the act of eating or feeding

Question 11

bulk feeders

Answer 11

eat large pieces of food (snakes)

Question 12

fluid feeders

Answer 12

suck nutrients rich fluid from host, mosquitoes

Question 13

substrate feeders

Answer 13

live in or on their food, catapillers

Question 14

filter feeders

Answer 14

strain small food particles, fish

Question 15

digestion

Answer 15

is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough to absorb

Question 16

what are the two types of digestion?

Answer 16

mechanical and chemical

Question 17

mechanical digestion

Answer 17

chewing

Question 18

chemical digestion

Answer 18

splits food into small molecules that can pass through membranes enzyme hydrolysis splits bonds in molecules

Question 19

absorption

Answer 19

uptake of nutrients by body cells, something’s cannot be broken down

Question 20

elimination

Answer 20

undigestive material out of the digestive system, poop

Question 21

intracellular digestion

Answer 21

digestion inside the cell, food particles are engulfed by phagocytosis, food vacuoles, containing food, fuse with lysosomes containing hydrolysis enzymes

Question 22

extracellular digestion

Answer 22

breakdown of food particles outside of cells. occurs in compartments that are continuous with the outside of the animals body

Question 23

alimentary canal

Answer 23

complex animals with complete digestive systems, with a mouth and an anus

Question 24

mammalian accessory glands

Answer 24

salivary glands, the pancreas, and liver and gallbladder

Question 25

peristalsis

Answer 25

food is pushed along this squeezing food into one chamber, contractions of muscles in the wall of the canal

Question 26

sphincters

Answer 26

valves that regulate the movement of material between compartments

Question 27

where does the first stage of digestion take place

Answer 27

oral cavity

Question 28

salivary glands

Answer 28

deliver saliva to the oral cavity through ducts

Question 29

amylase

Answer 29

in saliva that initiates the break down of glucose polymers

Question 30

bolus

Answer 30

the tongue shapes food into this and provides help with swallowing

Question 31

pharynx

Answer 31

the throat is a junction that opens to both the esophagus and the trachea

Question 32

esophagus

Answer 32

connects to the stomach from the throat

Question 33

trachea

Answer 33

wind pipe, leads into the lungs

Question 34

stomach

Answer 34

secretes gastric juices which converts a meal to a mixture of food and digestive juices called chyme

Question 35

protease

Answer 35

protein digesting enzyme that cleaves proteins into smaller peptides, pepsin

Question 36

small intestine

Answer 36

longest section of the alimentary canal, digestion and absorption

Question 37

duodenum

Answer 37

first part of the small intestine collecting stomach mixes with digestive juices

Question 38

pancreas

Answer 38

breaks down protein, produces proteases trypsin and chymotrysin, amylase and lipase (cutting of lipids)

Question 39

bile

Answer 39

acids in digestion and absorptions of fats made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 40

microvilli

Answer 40

projections of the surface that increases the surface area and facilitates the passage of fluid or nutrients

Question 41

hepatic porta vein

Answer 41

-carrie’s nutrient rich blood from capillaries of the villi to the liver, then to the heart
-toxins are filtered by the liver can hold carbs/sugars, liver holds sugar and can later release it if sugar levels drop
- lipids are transported to the lacteal

Question 42

cecum

Answer 42

acids in the fermentation of plant minerals and connects where the small and large intestine meets
- also called the appendix

Question 43

feces

Answer 43

consists of undigested material and bacteria stored in the rectum

Question 44

rectum

Answer 44

feces are stored here until they can be eliminated through the anus