Chapter 3.3-3.4- Powering The Cell Respiration & Anaerobic Reapiration

Question 0

Glycolysis

Answer 0

First stage
In cytosol of the cytoplasm
Glucose Splitting
Enzymes split a molecule of glucose into two 3-carbon molecules of Pyruvate
Uses 2 molecules of ATP, makes 4, net gain of 2
Pyruvate moves on to stage 2
High energy electrons go to NAD+ to make NADH, used in stage 3 to make more ATP
Anaerobic because it doesn’t need oxygen
Occurred long ago before other stages

Question 1

Three stages of cellular respiration

Answer 1

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport
C6H12O6+6O2—>6CO2+6CO2+chemical energy (in ATP)

Question 2

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen

Question 3

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 3

Cellular respirationthat proceeds without oxygen

Question 4

Parts of Mitochondrion

Answer 4

Outer Membrane
Inner membrane
Inter membrane space
Matrix
Cristae
Ribosome
Granules
DNA
ATP synthase particles

Question 5

Krebs Cycle

Answer 5

Stage 2
In the Matrix of Mitochondrion
Pyruvates from Glycolysis split and combine with CoA (coenzyme A) to form two carbon molecule Acetyl-CoA
Last carbon combines with oxygen to form CO2 which turns to waste
Acetyl-CoA combines with 4 carbon atom OAA to produce citric acid
Goes through reactions that release energy that are captured as ATP, NADH, and FADH2
CO2 released as waste
Regenerates OAA at the end
Takes 2 turns to do this
Ends up with
ATP-2
NADH-10
FADH2-2
3 molecules of CO2 are released each time
Aerobic respiration

Question 6

Electron Transport

Answer 6

Stage 3
In the Inter membrane of the Mitochondrion
High energy electrons released from NADH and FADH2 move along electron transport chains
Some energy is captured and used to pump hydrogen ions (from NADH and FADH2) from matrix to inter membrane space
Creates a greater concentration of hydrogen ions in inter membrane space than matrix
Causes ions to flow back into matrix
ATP synthase acts as channel protein
Also acts as enzyme, forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
“Spent” electrons combine with oxygen to form water
Aerobic respiration

Question 7

How much energy total from all three stages

Answer 7

38 molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose

Question 8

Fermentation

Answer 8

Way to make ATP without oxygen
Uses glycolysis
Occurs when human muscle cells can’t get oxygen to their muscles fast enough
Lactic acid and alcoholic

Question 9

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 9

Pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid
NAD forms NAD+
Let’s glycolysis continue
Results in additional ATP
Build up of lactic acid causes soreness in muscles

Question 10

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 10

Pyruvic acid changes into alcohol and CO2
NAD+ changes into NADH and let’s glycolysis continue
Yeast uses this and produces CO2 gas which causes bread to rise

Question 11

Advantages of Aerobic Respiration

Answer 11

Creates more ATP
With oxygen, glucose can be broken down farther
Aerobic respiration creates much more energy than anaerobic respiration

Question 12

Advantages of anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

Let’s organisms live in places where there is little or no oxygen
Produces ATP very quickly
Lets muscles get energy for quick bursts of intense activity