Chapter 33

Question 1

The rights of all employees and job applicants (1) to be treated without discrimination and (2) to be able to sue employers if they are discriminated against.

Answer 1

equal opportunity in employment

Question 2

The federal administrative agency that is responsible for enforcing most federal antidiscrimination laws.

Answer 2

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Question 3

A letter issued by the EEOC if it chooses not to bring an action against an employer that authorizes a complainant to sue the employer for employment discrimination.

Answer 3

right to sue letter

Question 4

A federal statute that permits a complainant to file an employment discrimination claim against an employer within 180 days of the most recent paycheck violation and to recover back pay for up to two years preceding the filing of the claim if similar violations occurred during the two-year period.

Answer 4

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

Question 5

A title of a federal statute enacted to eliminate job discrimination based on five protected classes: race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.

Answer 5

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 6

A form of discrimination that occurs when an employer discriminates against a specific individual because of his or her race, color, national origin, sex, or religion.

Answer 6

disparate-treatment discrimination

Question 7

A form of discrimination that occurs when an employer discriminates against an entire protected class. An example is discrimination in which a racially neutral employment practice or rule causes an adverse impact on a protected class.

Answer 7

disparate-impact discrimination

Question 8

Employment discrimination against a person because of his or her race.

Answer 8

race discrimination.

Question 9

Employment discrimination against a person because of his or her color; for example, a light-skinned person of a race discriminates against a dark-skinned person of the same race

Answer 9

color discrimination

Question 10

A federal statute enacted after the Civil War that states that all persons “have the same right … to make and enforce contracts … as is enjoyed by white persons.” This act prohibits race and national origin discrimination.

Answer 10

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 11

Employment discrimination against a person because of his or her heritage, cultural characteristics, or the country of the person’s ancestors.

Answer 11

national origin discrimination

Question 12

Discrimination against a person because of his or her gender.

Answer 12

sex discrimination (gender discrimination)

Question 13

A federal act that forbids employment discrimination because of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.

Answer 13

pregnancy discrimination act

Question 14

Refers to an individual’s romantic or sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or both sexes or more than one gender, or the person’s lack of sexual attraction to others

Answer 14

sexual orientation (sexual identity)

Question 15

Refers to an individual’s internal sense of being a man, a woman, neither, or both.

Answer 15

gender identity

Question 16

Commonly used initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning. generally refers to an individual’s sexual orientation or gender identity.

Answer 16

LGBTQ

Question 17

An initialism often used to ensure inclusion of the entire spectrum of sexual orientation and gender identity.

Answer 17

LGBTQ+

Question 18

Employment discrimination based on a person’s sexual orientation

Answer 18

sexual orientation discrimination

Question 19

Employment discrimination based on a person’s gender identity

Answer 19

gender identity discrimination

Question 20

A work environment where harassment of an employee because of his or her race, national origin, or gender is frequent, severe, humiliating, or physically threatening, or interferes with an employee’s work performance.

Answer 20

hostile work environment

Question 21

Racial slurs, offensive or derogatory remarks about a person’s race, offensive name calling, or the display of racially offensive symbols

Answer 21

racial harassment

Question 22

Offensive or derogatory remarks about a person’s national origin, offensive name calling, or the display of offensive symbols impinging a person’s national origin.

Answer 22

national origin harassment

Question 23

Lewd remarks, touching, intimidation, posting of indecent materials, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that occurs on the job.

Answer 23

sexual harassment (gender harassment)

Question 24

A standard that is applied in determining whether sexual discrimination or sexual harassment has occurred that allows a case to be analyzed from the perspective of the female complainant and not of the defendant.

Answer 24

reasonable woman standard

Question 25

Occurs when an employer does not make a reasonable accommodation for an employee’s religious observances, practices, or beliefs that could be done without causing an undue hardship on the employer.

Answer 25

religious discrimination

Question 26

A true job qualification. Employment discrimination based on a protected class other than race or color is lawful if it is job-related and a business necessity. This exception is narrowly interpreted by the courts.

Answer 26

bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

Question 27

A federal statute that protects both sexes from pay discrimination based on sex. It extends to jobs that require equal skill, equal effort, equal responsibility, and similar working conditions.

Answer 27

Equal Pay Act

Question 28

A federal statute that prohibits age discrimination practices against employees who are 40 years and older.

Answer 28

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)

Question 29

A federal statute that prohibits age discrimination regarding employee benefits.

Answer 29

Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)

Question 30

A federal statute that imposes obligations on employers and providers of public transportation, telecommunications, and public accommodations to accommodate individuals with disabilities.

Answer 30

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Question 31

A title of a federal statute that prohibits employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in regard to job application procedures, hiring, compensation, training, promotion, and termination.

Answer 31

Title I of the ADA

Question 32

A federal act that amends the Americans with Disabilities Act by expanding the definition of disability, requiring that the definition of disability be broadly construed, and requiring commonsense assessments in applying certain provisions of the ADA.

Answer 32

Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA)

Question 33

A person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the job that person desires or holds.

Answer 33

qualified individual with a disability

Question 34

Under Title I of the ADA, an employer’s duty to reasonably accommodate an individual’s disability if doing so does not cause an undue hardship to the employer.

Answer 34

reasonable accommodation

Question 35

Discrimination based on information from which it is possible to determine a person’s propensity to be stricken by diseases.

Answer 35

genetic information discrimination

Question 36

A federal statute that makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate against job applicants and employees based on genetic information.

Answer 36

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)

Question 37

Federal statutes that provide protections and grant employment benefits to persons who serve or have served in the U.S. military services.

Answer 37

Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 and Veterans’ Benefits Act of 2010

Question 38

A policy that provides that certain job preferences will be given to minority or other protected-class applicants when an employer makes an employment decision.

Answer 38

affirmation action

Question 39

Discrimination against a group that is usually thought of as a majority.

Answer 39

reverse discrimination