chapter 33

Question 1

articulation and joint

Answer 1

the area where a bone meets another bone

Question 2

how are articulations and joints classified

Answer 2

fibrous - no movement
cartilaginous - slight movement
synovial - free movement

Question 3

type of synovial joints (6)

Answer 3

ball-and-socket
condyloid
gliding joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Saddle Joint

Question 4

Abduction

Answer 4

lateral movement away from the midline of the body

Question 5

adduction

Answer 5

lateral movement toward the midline of the body

Question 6

circumduction

Answer 6

turing in a circular motion

combinds adduction and abduction flexion and extension

Question 7

flexion

Answer 7

the state of being bent

Question 8

extension

Answer 8

the state of being straight

Question 9

hyperextension

Answer 9

the state of exaggerated extension results often in an angle greater than 180°

Question 10

dorsiflexion

Answer 10

backward bending of the hand of foot

Question 11

plantarflexion

Answer 11

flexion of the foot

Question 12

rotation

Answer 12

turning on an anxis

Question 13

internal rotation

Answer 13

a body part turning on it axis toward the midline of the body

Question 14

external rotation

Answer 14

a body part turning on it axis away from the midline

Question 15

pronation

Answer 15

the assumption for the prone position

Question 16

supination

Answer 16

the assumption of the supine position

Question 17

what is orthopedics

Answer 17

refers to the correction or prevention of disorders of the body structures used in locomotion

Question 18

tonus

Answer 18

a term used to describe the state of slight contraction

- normal state of skeletal muscles

Question 19

what factors affect movement and alignment

Answer 19

developmental level
muscular, skeletal and nervous system problems
mental health
lifestyle
attitude and values
fatigue and stress
external factors

Question 20

exercise

Answer 20

active exertion of muscles involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups

Question 21

muscle contraction types

Answer 21

isotonic
isometric
isokinetic

Question 22

isotonic

Answer 22

involves shortening of muscles and active movement

Question 23

isometric

Answer 23

involves muscle contraction without shortening

Question 24

isokinetic

Answer 24

involves muscle contraction with resistance provided at a constant rate by an external device

Question 25

body movement

Answer 25

exercise activities can also be categorized according to the type of body movement involved and the health benefits they produce

Question 26

aerobic exercises

Answer 26

sustained muscle movements that increase blood flow, heart rate and metabolic demand for oxygen over time

Question 27

stretching exercises

Answer 27

involve movement that allows muscles and joints to be stretched gently through their full range of motion

Question 28

strength and endurance exercises

Answer 28

muscle building programs

Question 29

Risks related to exercise

Answer 29

precipitation of cardiac event

orthopedic discomfort and disability

Question 30

what is a gait belt

Answer 30

a belt device used for transferring patients and assisting with ambulation

Question 31

what is footdrop

Answer 31

when a patient’s body is at rest, the toes drop downward and the feet are in plantar flexion. can alternate the length of the muscles

Question 32

what is a trochanter

Answer 32

used to support the hips and legs so that the femurs do not rotate outwards

Question 33

what is fowlers position

Answer 33

semi-sitting position

head of the bed is elevated between 45 and 60° angle

Question 34

what is the supine position

Answer 34

the patient is on their back

Question 35

what is prone position

Answer 35

the patient is lying on their stomach

Question 36

side-lying position (lateral position)

Answer 36

the patient lies on the side and the main weight of the body is on the lateral side of the scapula