chapter 33 Flashcards
articulation and joint
the area where a bone meets another bone
how are articulations and joints classified
fibrous - no movement
cartilaginous - slight movement
synovial - free movement
type of synovial joints (6)
ball-and-socket condyloid gliding joint Hinge joint Pivot joint Saddle Joint
Abduction
lateral movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
lateral movement toward the midline of the body
circumduction
turing in a circular motion
combinds adduction and abduction flexion and extension
flexion
the state of being bent
extension
the state of being straight
hyperextension
the state of exaggerated extension results often in an angle greater than 180°
dorsiflexion
backward bending of the hand of foot
plantarflexion
flexion of the foot
rotation
turning on an anxis
internal rotation
a body part turning on it axis toward the midline of the body
external rotation
a body part turning on it axis away from the midline
pronation
the assumption for the prone position
supination
the assumption of the supine position
what is orthopedics
refers to the correction or prevention of disorders of the body structures used in locomotion
tonus
a term used to describe the state of slight contraction
- normal state of skeletal muscles
what factors affect movement and alignment
developmental level muscular, skeletal and nervous system problems mental health lifestyle attitude and values fatigue and stress external factors
exercise
active exertion of muscles involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups
muscle contraction types
isotonic
isometric
isokinetic
isotonic
involves shortening of muscles and active movement
isometric
involves muscle contraction without shortening
isokinetic
involves muscle contraction with resistance provided at a constant rate by an external device
body movement
exercise activities can also be categorized according to the type of body movement involved and the health benefits they produce
aerobic exercises
sustained muscle movements that increase blood flow, heart rate and metabolic demand for oxygen over time
stretching exercises
involve movement that allows muscles and joints to be stretched gently through their full range of motion
strength and endurance exercises
muscle building programs
Risks related to exercise
precipitation of cardiac event
orthopedic discomfort and disability
what is a gait belt
a belt device used for transferring patients and assisting with ambulation
what is footdrop
when a patient’s body is at rest, the toes drop downward and the feet are in plantar flexion. can alternate the length of the muscles
what is a trochanter
used to support the hips and legs so that the femurs do not rotate outwards
what is fowlers position
semi-sitting position
head of the bed is elevated between 45 and 60° angle
what is the supine position
the patient is on their back
what is prone position
the patient is lying on their stomach
side-lying position (lateral position)
the patient lies on the side and the main weight of the body is on the lateral side of the scapula
