Chapter 32 Part 2 Flashcards
Choanoflagellates
Protists that are the closest living relatives of animals
Choanocytes
A specialized flagellated feeding cell found in choanoflagellates and sponges
Sessile
Permanently attached to a substrate, not capable of moving to another location
Ecdysozoans
A major lineage or protostomes that grow by shredding their external skeletons (molting) and expanding their bodies. Includes arthropods, insects, crustaceans, nematodes, and centipedes.
Lophotrochozoa
A major lineage of protostomes that grow by extending the size of their skeletons rather than by molting. Many phyla have a specialized feeding structure (lophophore) and/or ciliated larvae (trochophore). Includes rotifers, flatworms, segmented worms, and mollusks.
Segmentation
Division of the body or a part of it into a series of similar structures. Exemplified by the body segments of insects and worms and by the somites of vertebrates.
Vertebrates
One of the three major chordate lineages, compromising animals with a dorsal column of cartilaginous or bony structures (vertebrate) and a skull enclosing the brain. Includes fishes, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and birds.
Invertebrates
A paraphyletic group composed of animals without a backbone. Includes 95 percent of all animal species.
Suspension feeder (filter feeder)
Any organism that obtains food by filtering small particles of small organisms out of water or air.
Deposit feeder
An animal that eats its way through a food containing substrate
Fluid feeder
An animal that feeds by sucking or mopping up liquids such as nectar, plant sap, or blood
Mass feeder
An animal that takes chunks of food into its mouth
Radula
A rasping feeding appendage in gastropods (snails and slugs)
Herbivore
An animal that eats primarily plants and rarely or never eats meat
Carnivore
An animal has diet consists predominantly of meat
Detritivore
An organism whose diet consist mainly of dead organic matter. Various bacteria, fungi, and proteins are detritivores
Omnivore
An animal whose diet regularly includes both meet and plants
Predator
Any organism that kills other organisms for food
Parasite
An organism that lives on or in a host species and that damages its host
Endoparasite
A parasite that lives inside the hosts body
Ectoparasite
A parasite that lives on the outer surface of the hosts body
Exoskeleton
A hard covering secreted on the outside of the body, used for support, protection, and muscle attachment. Examples are the shell of mollusks and outer covering of arthropods
Endoskeleton
Body and/or cartilaginous structures within the body that provide support. Examples are the spicules of sponges, the plates and in echinoderms, and a bony skeleton of vertebrates.
Oviparous
Producing eggs that are laid outside the body where they develop and hatch
Viviparous
Producing live young that develop within the body of the mother before birth
Ovoviviparous
Producing eggs that are retained inside the body until they are ready to hatch
Metamorphosis
Transition from one developmental stage to another, such as from a larval to an adult form of an animal
Larva
And immature stage of a species in which the immature an adult stages have different body forms
Juvenile
An individual that has adult like morphology but is not sexually mature
Pupa
A metamorphosing insect that is enclosed in a protective case
Adult
Hey sexually mature individual
Holoimetabolous
A type of metamorphosis in which the animal completely changes its form also called a complete metamorphosis
Hemimetabolous
A type of metamorphosis in which the animal increases in size from one stage the next, but does not dramatically change its body form. Also call incomplete metamorphosis
Polyp
The sessile stage in the life of some cnidarians example jellyfish
Colony
And assemblage of individuals. May refer to an assemblage of semi-independent cells or to a breeding population of multicellular organisms
Medusa
A free floating stage in the lifecycle of some cnidarians
Spicule
Stiff spike of silica or calcium carbonate found in the body of many sponges
Cnidaria
Any of various invertebrate animals of the phylum Cnidaria, characterized by a radially symmetrical body with a saclike internal cavity and stinging nematocysts, and including the jellyfishes, hydras, sea anemones, and corals.
Corals
a sedentary aquatic vertebrate of warm and tropical seas, with a calcareous, horny, or soft skeleton. Most corals are colonial and many rely on the presence of green algae in their tissues to obtain energy from sunlight.
Anemones
any of numerous usually solitary anthozoan polyps (order Actiniaria) whose form, bright and varied colors, and cluster of tentacles superficially resemble a flower
Hydroids
a coelenterate of an order that includes the hydras. They are distinguished by the dominance of the polyp phase.
Mesoglea
the noncellular, gelatinous material between the inner and outer body walls of a coelenterate or sponge.
Cnidocyte
an explosive cell containing one giant secretory organelle or cnida (plural cnidae) that defines the phylum Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, hydrae, jellyfish, etc.). Cnidae are used for prey capture and defense from predators.
Cnidocyst
The cnidocyst is the defining organelle of the cnidarians, used for capture of prey and defense. It consists of a cylindrical capsule, which releases a long tubule upon triggering.
Ctenophora/comb
any of a phylum (Ctenophora) of marine animals superficially resembling jellyfishes but having biradial symmetry and swimming by means of eight bands of transverse ciliated plates
Acoelomorpha
a disputed phylum of marine, soft-bodied animals with planula-like features. Most species are free-living, some live on the surface of other organisms
Limbs
One of the jointed appendages of an animal, such as an arm, leg, wing, or flipper, used for locomotion or grasping
Internal fertilization
internal fertilization takes place inside the female after insemination through copulation. In sexual reproduction, there must be some way of getting the sperm to the egg.
External fertilization
External fertilization is a strategy of fertilization in which a sperm cell unites with an egg cell in the open, rather than inside specialized organs within the bodies of the parents.
Nymph
an immature form of an insect that does not change greatly as it grows, e.g., a dragonfly, mayfly, or locust.
Pupation
To become a pupa
Porifera/sponges
a phylum of primitive invertebrate animals comprising the sponges and having a cellular grade of construction without true tissue or organ formation but with the body permeated by canals and chambers through which a current of water flows
Worm
any of a number of creeping or burrowing invertebrate animals with long, slender, soft bodies and no limbs.
