Chapter 32 Part 2

Question 0

Choanoflagellates

Answer 0

Protists that are the closest living relatives of animals

Question 1

Choanocytes

Answer 1

A specialized flagellated feeding cell found in choanoflagellates and sponges

Question 2

Sessile

Answer 2

Permanently attached to a substrate, not capable of moving to another location

Question 3

Ecdysozoans

Answer 3

A major lineage or protostomes that grow by shredding their external skeletons (molting) and expanding their bodies. Includes arthropods, insects, crustaceans, nematodes, and centipedes.

Question 4

Lophotrochozoa

Answer 4

A major lineage of protostomes that grow by extending the size of their skeletons rather than by molting. Many phyla have a specialized feeding structure (lophophore) and/or ciliated larvae (trochophore). Includes rotifers, flatworms, segmented worms, and mollusks.

Question 5

Segmentation

Answer 5

Division of the body or a part of it into a series of similar structures. Exemplified by the body segments of insects and worms and by the somites of vertebrates.

Question 6

Vertebrates

Answer 6

One of the three major chordate lineages, compromising animals with a dorsal column of cartilaginous or bony structures (vertebrate) and a skull enclosing the brain. Includes fishes, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and birds.

Question 7

Invertebrates

Answer 7

A paraphyletic group composed of animals without a backbone. Includes 95 percent of all animal species.

Question 8

Suspension feeder (filter feeder)

Answer 8

Any organism that obtains food by filtering small particles of small organisms out of water or air.

Question 9

Deposit feeder

Answer 9

An animal that eats its way through a food containing substrate

Question 10

Fluid feeder

Answer 10

An animal that feeds by sucking or mopping up liquids such as nectar, plant sap, or blood

Question 11

Mass feeder

Answer 11

An animal that takes chunks of food into its mouth

Question 12

Radula

Answer 12

A rasping feeding appendage in gastropods (snails and slugs)

Question 13

Herbivore

Answer 13

An animal that eats primarily plants and rarely or never eats meat

Question 14

Carnivore

Answer 14

An animal has diet consists predominantly of meat

Question 15

Detritivore

Answer 15

An organism whose diet consist mainly of dead organic matter. Various bacteria, fungi, and proteins are detritivores

Question 16

Omnivore

Answer 16

An animal whose diet regularly includes both meet and plants

Question 17

Predator

Answer 17

Any organism that kills other organisms for food

Question 18

Parasite

Answer 18

An organism that lives on or in a host species and that damages its host

Question 19

Endoparasite

Answer 19

A parasite that lives inside the hosts body

Question 20

Ectoparasite

Answer 20

A parasite that lives on the outer surface of the hosts body

Question 21

Exoskeleton

Answer 21

A hard covering secreted on the outside of the body, used for support, protection, and muscle attachment. Examples are the shell of mollusks and outer covering of arthropods

Question 22

Endoskeleton

Answer 22

Body and/or cartilaginous structures within the body that provide support. Examples are the spicules of sponges, the plates and in echinoderms, and a bony skeleton of vertebrates.

Question 23

Oviparous

Answer 23

Producing eggs that are laid outside the body where they develop and hatch

Question 24

Viviparous

Answer 24

Producing live young that develop within the body of the mother before birth

Question 25

Ovoviviparous

Answer 25

Producing eggs that are retained inside the body until they are ready to hatch

Question 26

Metamorphosis

Answer 26

Transition from one developmental stage to another, such as from a larval to an adult form of an animal

Question 27

Larva

Answer 27

And immature stage of a species in which the immature an adult stages have different body forms

Question 28

Juvenile

Answer 28

An individual that has adult like morphology but is not sexually mature

Question 29

Pupa

Answer 29

A metamorphosing insect that is enclosed in a protective case

Question 30

Adult

Answer 30

Hey sexually mature individual

Question 31

Holoimetabolous

Answer 31

A type of metamorphosis in which the animal completely changes its form also called a complete metamorphosis

Question 32

Hemimetabolous

Answer 32

A type of metamorphosis in which the animal increases in size from one stage the next, but does not dramatically change its body form. Also call incomplete metamorphosis

Question 33

Polyp

Answer 33

The sessile stage in the life of some cnidarians example jellyfish

Question 34

Colony

Answer 34

And assemblage of individuals. May refer to an assemblage of semi-independent cells or to a breeding population of multicellular organisms

Question 35

Medusa

Answer 35

A free floating stage in the lifecycle of some cnidarians

Question 36

Spicule

Answer 36

Stiff spike of silica or calcium carbonate found in the body of many sponges

Question 37

Cnidaria

Answer 37

Any of various invertebrate animals of the phylum Cnidaria, characterized by a radially symmetrical body with a saclike internal cavity and stinging nematocysts, and including the jellyfishes, hydras, sea anemones, and corals.

Question 38

Corals

Answer 38

a sedentary aquatic vertebrate of warm and tropical seas, with a calcareous, horny, or soft skeleton. Most corals are colonial and many rely on the presence of green algae in their tissues to obtain energy from sunlight.

Question 39

Anemones

Answer 39

any of numerous usually solitary anthozoan polyps (order Actiniaria) whose form, bright and varied colors, and cluster of tentacles superficially resemble a flower

Question 40

Hydroids

Answer 40

a coelenterate of an order that includes the hydras. They are distinguished by the dominance of the polyp phase.

Question 41

Mesoglea

Answer 41

the noncellular, gelatinous material between the inner and outer body walls of a coelenterate or sponge.

Question 42

Cnidocyte

Answer 42

an explosive cell containing one giant secretory organelle or cnida (plural cnidae) that defines the phylum Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, hydrae, jellyfish, etc.). Cnidae are used for prey capture and defense from predators.

Question 43

Cnidocyst

Answer 43

The cnidocyst is the defining organelle of the cnidarians, used for capture of prey and defense. It consists of a cylindrical capsule, which releases a long tubule upon triggering.

Question 44

Ctenophora/comb

Answer 44

any of a phylum (Ctenophora) of marine animals superficially resembling jellyfishes but having biradial symmetry and swimming by means of eight bands of transverse ciliated plates

Question 45

Acoelomorpha

Answer 45

a disputed phylum of marine, soft-bodied animals with planula-like features. Most species are free-living, some live on the surface of other organisms

Question 46

Limbs

Answer 46

One of the jointed appendages of an animal, such as an arm, leg, wing, or flipper, used for locomotion or grasping

Question 47

Internal fertilization

Answer 47

internal fertilization takes place inside the female after insemination through copulation. In sexual reproduction, there must be some way of getting the sperm to the egg.

Question 48

External fertilization

Answer 48

External fertilization is a strategy of fertilization in which a sperm cell unites with an egg cell in the open, rather than inside specialized organs within the bodies of the parents.

Question 49

Nymph

Answer 49

an immature form of an insect that does not change greatly as it grows, e.g., a dragonfly, mayfly, or locust.

Question 50

Pupation

Answer 50

To become a pupa

Question 51

Porifera/sponges

Answer 51

a phylum of primitive invertebrate animals comprising the sponges and having a cellular grade of construction without true tissue or organ formation but with the body permeated by canals and chambers through which a current of water flows

Question 52

Worm

Answer 52

any of a number of creeping or burrowing invertebrate animals with long, slender, soft bodies and no limbs.