Chapter 3.2 : How did Hitler's rule benefit the people ? Flashcards
What was the political Impact of Hitler’s rule ?
Consolidation of Power
What was the economic impact of Hitler’s rule ?
reemployment rise of big industrialist control of trade union organizing workers' leisure time militarization
What was the Social Impact of Hitler’s rule ?
Propaganda implementation of censorship rise of the secret police Prosecution of Jews and other minority groups Role of women in Nazi Germany The Hitler youth
What was the consolidation of power ?
When Hitler became chancellor in 1933, he took measures to consolidate power. Although the Nazis were in power, but they did not have a clear majority in the parliament. There were the communists that were the main rival of the Nazi’s for political power.
- Reichstag Fire, 27 February 1933 (remove communist )
A Dutchman was arrested near the building that day. The Nazi accused him of being a part of communist conspiracy and arrested him along with a few other communist leaders. they were all charged with arson and attempting to overthrow the government. He convinced President Hindenburg to invoke article 48 and establish emergency powers. It suspended civil liberties such as freedom of the press and the freedom to assemble in public. Hitler’s SA arrested communists, broke up their meeting and shut down their newspaper. those who also spoke ill of Hitler were also beaten. Therefore, this greatly affected the election campaign of another party in preparation for the March 1933 election.
- Enabling act, 23 March 1933 (remove Hindenburg )
With the communist party out of the way, the Nazi party 44% of the votes in the March 1933 elections. The Nazi held the majority of the seats in Reichstag, after the support of another small right-wing party. Hitler planned to pass the enabling act, which allowed him to pass law without the president’s approval. On 23 March, the bill passed, and communist and social democrat parties were banned from taking part in any elections in the future.
- One party rule, 14 July 1933 (remove all other parties e.g. trade union)
Hitler passed a law making the Nazi party the only legal party in the Germany. Within months, he was in charge of a one-party state. Soon NZai officials toom charge of local governments in the individual state of the German federation. The trade union was dissolved, and their leaders were imprisoned. The SA and the SS brutally dealt with those that stood out of line. By the time Nazi came into power, most of their opponents fled or were arrested in concentration camp.
- Night of the long knives, June 1934 (remove SA leaders )
It has been the SA who had helped Hitler disrupt the meeting of other political parties and break up strikes. They had also enforced Hitler’s will after he become chancellor. There’s nothing to show that Ernest Roehm, the SA leader, was loyal to Hitler. However, other in the Nazi party, felt that Roehm had become too powerful. At the same, the army leaders felt that the SA were a threat. Rohm had talked rashly before about talking over the army. As such, People convinced Hitler that Roehm was a threat to him. Hitler made a pact to the army, if he removed the SA leaders, they would swear an oath of allegiance to Hitler. In June 1934, the SS arrested and killed Roehm and other SA leaders, along with political opponents who had angered Hitler. An estimate of 400 men were killed. The power of the SA was broken and become subjected to the control of the SS. After this, people widely feared the ss as they had the SA under them.
- Creation of the Fuehrer Position, August 1934 ( remove any possible candidate for President)
After President Hindenburg’s death in 1934, Hitler wanted to consolidate more power, there were still some conservatives like Von Papen, who disliked the Nazi and wanted to return to a constitution monarchy. The Weimar constitution stated a president must be elected, thus Hitler merged his power of the president with those of the Chancellor and proclaimed himself the Fuhrer, or supreme leader of the German people, so Hitler mow had the ability to invoke article 48. There was also the enabling act intact, which meant that Hitler was now above the law. after Hitler became the Fuhrer, the army was made to swear a personal oath of allegiance to Hitler. After the funeral of the Hindenburg, Hitler asked Germans whether they were ok with him being in power, the results show a strong yes, Hitler has achieved what he wanted, total control of Germany.
What was Re-employment?
The German economy was facing major problems at the time when Hitler came to power. There were almost 5 million unemployed people and a major crisis in the farming sector. Dr. Schacht, president of the Reich bank and Minister of economics, helped reorganise Germany’s finances so that new jobs could be produced. he encouraged Hitler to initiate public works programme such as the building of roads, motorways, and public building. The Nazis involved the Reich labour agency, to help reduce unemployment. This was one important way while at the same time providing infrastructure and facilities for the public
What was the rise of big industralists ?
Big business had a close relationship with Naiz government as a resukt of the Nazi’s governmnet ‘s attempt to make germany were subsideised and imports were barred. increase of oil, steel, coal production. Companies that producesd this items were given valueble government contacts, in exchange they supooired the govenmrnt. The trade union’s ban helped as the busniessess no longer hav eto worry about confloct woth workers, as workers are under strict control of the governmnet. The Goering’s Four year plan also has a big imapct on big businesses. The massive amount the state spent on rearmanet bossted the inome of companies who produced war atieral. In return they made compulsory donations to the NSDAP. Thus these big industralists thrieved and their proction of important products important priducts contributed to the boost in the economy.
WHat was the cintrol of trade union ?
workers were forced instead to join a worker’s organisation controlled by the Nazi called the German worker front, which united employees in a single body. Workers were strictly controlled by the DAF. Although they could noy be sacked on the spot, but they were not allowed to strike or bargain for pay raises or better condition. All workers were given workbook where the employer wrote comments about them inside, they needed their permission to leave their jobs. In certain industries, workers were not allowed to change jobs at all. with these restrictions, prices were more stable, more people had work and there were fewer strikes. Although Germany’s economy was improving, but it was at the expense of the worker’s wage and benefits.
What was organising Worker’s leisure time
The Nazis realised that the workers support was vital and offered them some benefits and placate them. The DAF setup the scheme; Strength through joy, which provided cheap theatre and cinema tickets, organised courses and cultural and sports events. This was to control people leisure time. There was the state scheme by which could save five marks a week towards a cheaper car, which were extremely popular as well. another scheme of the DAP was, Beauty of Labour, which was set up to improve working conditions for workers. washing facilities and a low-cost canteen was set up. however, workers had to indirectly pay them, making it seem like they were designed to keep people at their workplace.
What was Militarisation
In 1935, the Nazis introduced conscription for the army, which reduced employment drastically. By 1939, there were 1.4 million men in the army. This created many job opportunities as men were required to make war materials, such as weapons, uniform and equipment. Hitler also wanted a modern air force. The achievement of the decision boosted the economy and provided employment.
What was Propaganda
The majority of the population still did not support it. to secure their hold on power, the Nazi needed both
