Chapter 32 - Diet Therapy and Special Diets

Question 1

Inserted through the nose and into the stomach.

Answer 1

Nasogastric tube.

Question 2

Inserted into the stomach.

Answer 2

Gastrostomy tube.

Question 3

Placed through the skin.

Answer 3

Percutaneous tube.

Question 4

Inserted into the small intestine.

Answer 4

Jejunal tube.

Question 5

List the steps for continuous feeding using the feeding pump.

Answer 5

1. Clamp the feeding setup and hang it on the pole.
2. Add the feeding solution to the bag.
3. Open the clamp and prime the tubing.
4. Thread the tubing through or load the tubing into the pump.
5. Attach the end of the setup to the gastric tube.
6. Set the prescribed rate and volume according to the manufacturer’s directions.
7. Open the clamp and turn on the pump.
8. Stop the feeding every 4-8 hours to assess the residual (check hospital policy before stopping any feeding).
9. Flush the tube every 6-8 hours (if mandated by doctor’s order or hospital policy).

Question 6

What should the nurse keep in mind when serving food to a client in a healthcare facility?

Answer 6

Present the food in an attractive and appetizing manner.

Question 7

What type of diet is prescribed for a client with pancreatic and gallbladder diseases?

Answer 7

Low-fat diet.

Question 8

What nursing interventions should the nurse perform for a client who is receiving nutritional support through tubing?

Answer 8

1. Administer water in case of inadequate hydration.
2. Replace the feeding bag according to hospital policy.
3. Check for signs such as dry mouth or fever.

Question 9

A client with a gastric ulcer has been prescribed a bland diet by the healthcare provider. What instructions should the nurse provide to this client?

Answer 9

1. Avoid the intake of milk-based foods.
2. Eat smaller, more frequent meals.
3. Avoid lying down for 1 hour after a meal.

Question 10

A client with constipation is prescribed a high-fiber diet. What are the problems associated with a high-fiber diet?

Answer 10

Cramping and diarrhea.

Question 11

A nurse is caring for an elderly client in a home setting. What is the nurse’s responsibility during routine nutritional care in this case?

Answer 11

Conducting nutritional screenings and counseling.

Question 12

Which type of diet should the nurse order for a client with oral problems?

Answer 12

Mechanical soft diet.

Question 13

What precautions should a nurse take while using food trays to help a client meet nutritional needs in a healthcare setting?

Answer 13

1. Ensure that the client’s name matches the name on the food tray.
2. Ensure that the client’s information is checked against the posted diet list.
3. Ensure that the tray is labeled with the client’s name and room number.

Question 14

A client who is recovering from surgery has been prescribed supplemental nourishment. When should the nurse provide supplemental nourishment?

Answer 14

Between meals.

Question 15

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage renal disease. Fluid intake is restricted in this client. Which of the following is the most important factor that should be monitored by the nurse?

Answer 15

Fluid intake and output.

Question 16

A nurse is caring for a client who has been NPO for 4 days and has not been receiving any nutritional support. What nursing intervention should the nurse implement to best address the client’s nutritional needs?

Answer 16

Bring the concern to the attention of the PCP.

Question 17

The nurse has been caring for a client who has been on a full-liquid diet with nutritional supplements for a week. What side effects of these supplements should the nurse monitor the client for?

Answer 17

Diarrhea.
Gas.
Constipation.

Question 18

What statement provides accurate information regarding the administration of oral medications and resulting dietary considerations?

Answer 18

Some medications have reactions when taken with certain foods.

Question 19

A nurse is caring for a client with severe edema who has been prescribed moderate sodium restriction. Which quantity of sodium should be recommended to the client?

Answer 19

Recommend 1000-2000mg per day.

Question 20

A nurse is caring for a client who is bedridden. to establish a bladder routine, what should the nurse encourage the client to do?

Answer 20

Increase fluid intake.

Question 21

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of polydipsia who has been placed on fluid restriction. Which suggestion should the nurse provide the client to facilitate compliance?

Answer 21

Take half the fluids in the day and half the fluids in the evening.

Question 22

What diet should the nurse be prepared to discuss when caring for a client who has been diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome?

Answer 22

Fat controlled.

Question 23

Which therapeutic nursing intervention should be considered when feeding a client experiencing difficulty swallowing?

Answer 23

Encourage the client to swallow after each portion of food.

Question 24

A client has been prescribed a lactose-restricted diet by a physician. Based on this dietary order, for what should the nurse assess the client after ingesting lactose?

Answer 24

Cramping.

Question 25

Which statement provides accurate information related to a button-feeding device?

Answer 25

A small silicone device used in place of a gastrostomy? tube.

Question 26

What information is accurate regarding peripheral parenteral nutrition?

Answer 26

Infusions must be hypotonic or isotonic to prevent further dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Question 27

What information about total parenteral nutrition is accurate?

Answer 27

Provides more calories than PPN.
Specifically formulated to be nutritionally complete.

Question 28

What is the goal of a therapeutic diet for diabetes?

Answer 28

Regulates the amount of certain nutrients.

Question 29

The nurse is differentiating between a house diet, modified diet, and therapeutic diet. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching about the types of diets?

Answer 29

“A therapeutic diet is prescribed according to the client’s ability to tolerate food.”

Question 30

What is the correct progression of a diet following surgery?

Answer 30

Clear liquid, full liquid, soft, regular.

Question 31

What is the most appropriate diet for a client who is edentulous?

Answer 31

Mechanical-soft.

Question 32

Why may an optimally modified diet be impractical for a client?

Answer 32

Prognosis.
Religious considerations.
Support system.
Coexisting medical conditions.

Question 33

Which foods can the nurse encourage the client to consume on a low-residue diet?

Answer 33

Well-cooked meat.
Sea food.
Mild cheese.

Question 34

For which health condition is a fat-controlled diet generally prescribed?

Answer 34

Hyperlipidemia.

Question 35

Which client is likely to be prescribed a ketogenic diet?

Answer 35

A 5-year-old diagnosed with uncontrolled seizures.

Question 36

The client is prescribed a protein-restricted diet based on the client’s weight of 60kg, what is the amount of protein allowed on this client’s diet?

Answer 36

36-48g.

Question 37

The nurse is assisting a client, who is visually impaired, with a meal tray. Which nursing action can promote independence in self-feeding?

Answer 37

Place the food on the utensil and give it to the client.

Question 38

The nurse is caring for a group of clients at an extended-care facility. Which clients would require documentation and reporting to the team leader?

Answer 38

A client who has been eating only 25% of the meal trays for 3 days.
A client who states, “I feel nauseated and don’t want to eat.”
A client who states, “I am having a hard time swallowing your food.”

Question 39

The nurse is discussing a client’s concern regarding recent weight gain. About which type of diet should the nurse

Answer 39

Reduced-calorie diet.

Question 40

Which information should the nurse provide to a client regarding a ketogenic diet?

Answer 40

Very low in carbohydrates and high in fat.

Question 41

If the feeding tube is blocked:

Answer 41

Aspirate gently with a syringe or instill a small amount of water.

Question 42

Feeding too fast:

Answer 42

Clamp?, hold feeding for 2 hours, and recheck residual, if still more than 120ml call HCP.

Question 43

Gastric leakage:

Answer 43

Call HCP stat if blood is mixed with stomach content, fever, or odor? If persistent, call HCP.

Question 44

A client is on a high-fiber diet. Which of the following foods are both rich in insoluble and soluble fiber?

Answer 44

Oat bran.