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Year 2 ID > chapter 32 bug info > Flashcards

chapter 32 bug info Flashcards

1
Q

strep pneumoniae

A

GP diplococci aligned end to end

most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
also meningitis and otitis

in normal through flora

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2
Q

group A strep (streptococcus pyogenes)

A

beta-hemolytic - so compete hemolysis on blood agar
GP cocci in chains

phyaryngitis, wound infections,
rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

very sensitive to penicillin G!

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3
Q

group B strep (streptococcus agalactiae)

A

usually beta hemolytic

mostly penicillin G sensitive

normally in female genital tract

neontal septicemia and meningitis

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4
Q

viridans streptococci

A

GP in chains or pairs

normal oral cavity

most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis on previously damaged valves

penicillin may be sufficient

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5
Q

peptostreptococcus

A

obligate anaerobes GP in clumps or chains

very sensitive to penicillin G

often in normal oral and fecal flora

anaerobic infections:
brain abscesses
liver abscesses

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6
Q

enterococcus fecalis

A

GP coccus in pairs and chains

normal fecal flora

UTIs (5-10%)
endocarditis (#2 for SBE)

mostly penicillin resistant, cephalosporin resistant
can use ampicillin, vancomycin
some (e. faecium vanco resistant)

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7
Q

staph aureus

A

coagulase positive
GP singly, pairs, or grape-like clusters

furuncles
cellulitis
endocarditis
meningitis
minor cause of pneumonia

sensitive to methicillin, oxacillin, mafcillin except MRSA

toxins can result in food poisoning and TSS

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8
Q

staph epidermidis

A

coag negative
GP singly, in pairs and clumps

normal skin flora

most resistant to methicillin, oxacillin

artificial implants
IV catheters

bancomycin sensitive

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9
Q

staph saprophyticus

A

uncomplicated UTI

coag negative

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10
Q

neisseria meningitis

A

GNC side to side
grows best with CO2

menigitis and meningococcemia

penicillin G sensitive

give ABX prophylaxis to close contacts - rifampin, ceftriaxone

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11
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

GNC (diplo)

urethritis, PID

needs CO2 for growth

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12
Q

moraxella

A

GNC

pneumonia in COPD and elderly
suppurative otits

many are amoxicillin resistant

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13
Q

Hemophilus influenzae

A

GNR
chocolate agar

meningitis
epiglottits (bronchitis)
otitis
pneumonia
COPD exacerbations

ceftriaxone

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14
Q

enterobacteriaceae

A

GNR, grow aerobically on simple media
ferment glucose
grow under anaerobic conditions too

not penicillin sensitive

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15
Q

E. coli

A

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

UTI (most common cause)
bacteremia
meningitis in neonates
sepsis in hospitalized pts
pneumonia in hosptialized pts

in normal large intestine

usually ampicillin and cephalothin sensitive

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16
Q

klesiella

A

enterobacteriacae
GNR

pneumonia
UTI
pneumonia in hosp pts

cephalothin sensitive

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17
Q

enterobacter

A

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

pneumonia in hosp pts

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18
Q

salmonella typhi

A

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

typhoid fever

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19
Q

non-typhi salmonella

A

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

self-limiting gastroenteritis

carriage in domestic animals (ingestion of eggs, poultry, pork, etc)

dx with positive stool culture

20
Q

shigella

A

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

dysentery - blood and pus in stool

foodborne outbreaks only if contaminated with human feces
bacteria viable in foods for short periods only

21
Q

proteus (and morganella)

A

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

UTs

minor normal fecal flora member

mirabilis is ampicillin sensitive but others mreo resistant

22
Q

serratia (and citrobacter)

A

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

fairly ABX resistant

pneumonia in hospitalized pts

no GI diseases

23
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

aerobic GNR
obligate aerobe

bacteremia
UTI
burn infections
pneumonia in CF and hospitalized Ca pts

tobramycin and gentamicin sensitive
ceftrazidime and fourth gen cephalosporins (anti-pseudomonal)

24
Q

campylobacter

A

GNR, slightly curved
Dx via isolation from pt stools
microaerophilic (needs o2 but at lower concentration than normal air)

gastroenteritis

25
Q

vibrio cholera

A

aerobic GNR, slightly curved
Dx via isolation from pt stools, needs special media

cholera

26
Q

vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

aerobic GNR, slightly curved
Dx via isolation from pt stools, needs special media

less severe than cholera, watery diarrhea

from contaminated seafood

27
Q

yersinia enterocolitica

A

aerobic GNR
Dx via isolation from pt stools

infrequent GI disease resembling salmonella

to humans from feces of domesticated animals

28
Q

acinetobacter

A

GNR, coccobacillus
obligate aerobe

opportunistic
respiratory therapy equipment
indwelling catheters
sepsis, pneumonia, UTI in hospitalized pts

29
Q

bacteroides

prevotella

A

GNR
anaerobe

normal ins tine and mouth

fragilis resisitant to penicillin G and ceph 1

30
Q

legionella pneumophila

A

unusual GNR
hard to grow

legionnaires disease (pneumonia)

facultative intracellular - azithromycin or erythromycin since they penetrate host cells

31
Q

bordatella pertussis

A

small GNR
not easily cultured

whooping cough

acellualr vaccine

erythromycin

32
Q

mycoplasma

A

noxell walls

atypical pneumonia

penicillin resistant
use tetracycline or erythromycin

33
Q

chlamydia trachomatis

A

obligate intracellular
must be grown in tissues

non gonococcal urethritis
eye infections
pneumonia in infants - macrolides (azithromycin)

dx with gene-probe

tx with doxycycline or azithromycin (penetrates cell walls)

34
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid-fast rod

TB

need six weeks to grow in lab

35
Q

clostridium difficile

A

GPR
frequently form spores
obligate anaerobes

ABX associated diarrhea
pseudomembranous colitis (most severe diarrhea)
elderly more at risk

makes Toxin A = enterotoxic, B = cytotoxic

stop ABX
can give oral vancomycin (not absorbed from GI tract) or metronidazole if severe

36
Q

clostridium tetani

A

GPR
frequently form spores
obligate anaerobes

37
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

GPR
frequently form spores
obligate anaerobes

38
Q

clostridium perfringens

A

GPR
frequently form spores
obligate anaerobes

gas gangrene

39
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

aerobic GPR

form very resistant spores

40
Q

bacillus cereus

A

aerobic GPR
very resistant spores

food poisoning, especially in reheated foods (fried rice)
spores resist heating

41
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

GPR
aerobic
not spore forming

transmitted via dairy and meat

food poisoning
occasionally meningitis, esp in elderly
fetal death if transmitted to fetus

farm animal fecal exposure

42
Q

lactobacillus

A

non-pathogenic GPR without spores

fermented dairy products (yogurt)

some in intestine and vaginal tract

43
Q

staphlococcus GI disease characteristics

A

2-4 hour incubation

vomiting, 30% diarrhea, prostration

bacterium is heat sensitive, toxin is resistant

pastries
preserved meats
tuna salad
potato salad
mayo

contaminated by humans

44
Q

salmonella GI disease characteristics

A

8-48 hr incubation

often vomiting
diarrhea and pyrexia

bacterium and toxin are heat sensitive

poultry, pork, other unpreserved meats, eggs, salads

spread by people, meat animals, pork, poultry, eggs

45
Q

C. perfringens GI disease characteristics

A

6-24 hour incubation period, usually 8-12 hrs

rarely vomiting
diarrhea

heat resistant spores

large roasts or cooked beef, other meats

spread in raw beef, feces, soil?

46
Q

c. botulinum GI disease characteristics

A

resistant spores, but toxin is heat sensitive

uncooked home canned veggies, anaerobic packages of fish

spread in soil, lakes, fish, vegetation

Year 2 ID (5 decks)

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