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Chapter Test Study Guide > Chapter 32 Assiting With Primary Physicall Examination > Flashcards

Chapter 32 Assiting With Primary Physicall Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Proctoscopic Exam

A

Proctoscopy is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope (also known as a rectoscope, although the latter may be a bit longer) is used to examine the anal cavity, rectum, or sigmoid colon.

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2
Q

Define: Bruit

A

An abnormal sound or murmur heard in auscultation of an organ, vessel or gland.

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3
Q

What is a tuning fork? What is it used for?

A

Fork shaped instrument. The prongs produce a humming sound when striked. Different sizes produce different pitches of sound.

used to check the patient auditory acuity and to test bone vibrations.

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4
Q

What is a percussion hammer? What is it used for?

A

A.K.A the reflex hammer, stainless steel instrument with a rubber head that is used to strike the tendons of the knees and elbow to test the neurological reflexes.

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5
Q

Define : body system?

A

Is composed of several organs and their associated structures. These structures work together to perform specific functions in the body.

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6
Q

Define: organ?

A

Is composed of two or more types of tissue bound together to form a more complex structure for a common purpose or function.

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7
Q

What does ROM mean?

A

Range of motion

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8
Q

ophthalmoscope: What is it used for?

A

It is used to inspect the inner structures of the eye.

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9
Q

Otoscope; what is it used for?

A

Used to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane. Can also be used to illuminate the nasal passages and throat.

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10
Q

PERRLA:

A

It means : pupils are equal, round, respond to light, and adjust and focus on objects.

This is written down by the physicians when he checks your pupil reaction by shining a light into one eyes at a time. If the pupils contract equally and smoothly to the light stimulus that is when he documents it using PERRLA

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11
Q

Define: Nodule

A

Small lumps, lesions , or swelling that are felt when the skin is palpated.

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12
Q

What equalizes pressure in the middle ear?

A

The Eustachian tube equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the throat.

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13
Q

Define: Vasoconstriction

A

Contraction of the muscle lining blood vessels, which narrow the lumen.

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14
Q

List 4 body tissues?

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

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15
Q

Describe : nervous tissue

What is it made up of?

A

Conducts nerve impulses between the periphery and the central nervous system. Also effects rapid communication between body structures and controls the body’s functions to maintain homeostasis.
Made up of neurons and supportive structures called neuroglial cells.

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16
Q

Describe : muscle tissue ?

A

Produces movement. Classified as skeletal muscle, which is attached to bones and produces voluntary body movements when contracted.

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17
Q

Describe connective tissue?

A

This tissue supports and binds other body tissues. Types of it include : collagen, bone, cartilage, adipose, ligaments, tendons, blood, and lymph. Most frequent occurring tissue int the body and has the widest distribution.

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18
Q

Describe epithelial tissue?

A

Makes up the skin , glands, and linings of body cavities and organs. Classified according to shape.

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19
Q

Diabetic breath odor?

A

Acidosis produces a strong odor of acetone, which is sweet and fruity and may result from diabetes mellitus, starvation, or renal disease.

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20
Q

Define : Sclera

A

“The white” part of the eye that forms the orbit.

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21
Q

What are the types of examination techniques?

A 
Palpation 
Percussion 
Auscultation 
Mensuration 
Manipulation
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22
Q

Skin turgor check?

A

Skin turgor is checked by pinching the skin in the posterior surface of the hands. The tissue is observed to see how quickly it returns to the normal location. A delay indicates a decrease in tissue fluid. Confirming the diagnosis of dehydration.

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23
Q

What is the normal color or the tympanic membrane?

A

Pearly gray.

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24
Q

How does an MD begin CPE on a PT.?

A

The physician starts the physical examination by observing the patents appearance. either presenting appearance or general appearance may be used on the medical record. From head to toe.

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25
Q

What are the responsibilities of an MA in room preparation for PE?

A

The area should be checked at the beginning of each day and between patients to make sure it is completely stocked with equipment and supplies and that all equipment is functioning.
Expiration dates should be checked at the beginning of each day.
Room should be private and well lit
Area should be clean and disinfected.
The aha inaction room should have all supplies supplied and ready.

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26
Q

What are the responsibilities of an MA in Pt. prep for PE?

A

Make sure the medical record is complete and that all consent forms have been signed.
Introduce yourself and address the patient by his or her preferred name and maintain respect at all times.
Verify the accuracy of the insurance information.

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27
Q

List 3 HIPAA applications that is expected to be seen in an MD office?

A

Guard patient confidentiality when gathering information about the chief complaint, scheduling, or processing samples.
Place medical records on the examination room door with identifying information facing the door to prevent these passing from recognizing the patients name. If on a computer, lock the computer when away from it.
Place the physicians schedule away from patients areas and maintain patient confidentiality during the admissions procedure in the facility.

28
Q

Name the 9 positions that you may place a pt.

A 
Fowlers position
Semi-fowlers position 
Supine (horizontal recumbent) position 
Dorsal recumbent position
Lithotomy position
Sims position 
Prone position
Knee-chest position 
Trendelenburgs position
29
Q

Clubbing of fingertips?

A

Clubbing of the fingertips is associated with some congenital heart or lung diseases.

30
Q

What are the body mechanics when it comes to lifting, something heavy?

A

Maintain correct body alignment with the legs spread apart fora broad base of support.
When carrying a heavy item, keep the weight as close to the body as possible.
Move her feet I. The direction of the lift, so not twist or tuen on fixed feet.
Bend the knees while keeping the back straight when lowering an item at the completion of a lift.
If possible, slide, roll, or push a heavy item rather than lifting or pulling it.

31
Q

What are the body mechanics when it comes to assisting a pt. from a wheelchair ?

A

If in a wheelchair, move the chair close to the examination table, locked wheels and lift the foot rests of the wheelchair out of the way. Explain the procedure to the patient and ask for his or her assistance. If one side of the patient is stronger than the other, always provide support on the strong side. Place a step stool in front of the wheel chair next to the side of the examination table.
When bending always bend at the knees and maintain s backs three natural curves, allowing the leg muscles to keep lifting. Give the patient a signal when ready to lift.

32
Q

Folwers position :

Describe the position, and what it is used for?

A

The patient sits on the examination table with the head if the table elevated 90 degrees , or simply sits at the edge of the table.
This position is useful for examinations and treatments if the head, neck, and chest, and patient with Orthoptera who have difficulty breathing while laying down.

33
Q

Semi-fowlers position:

Describe the position, and what is it used for ?

A

The head of the table is positioned at a 45 degree angle instead of a full 90 degree.
This position is good for postoperative examination, for patient with breathing disorders, and for patients who have an elevated temperature or are suffering from head trauma or pain.

The drape/gown: should cover the entire patient from the nipple line down.

34
Q

Supine (Horizontal Recumbent) position:

Describe the position and what it is used for?

A

The patient lies flat with the face upward and the lower legs supported by the table extensions.
This position is used for examination of the front of the body, including the heart, breasts, and abdominal organs,
Gown: should open down the front, and the drape should be placed over the exposed area that is not being examined.

35
Q

Dorsal recumbent position:

Describe the position and what it is used for?

A

the patient lies face upward, with the weight distributed ordinary to the surface of the back. Accomplished by flexing the kness do that the feet are flat on the table.
May be used for examination or inspection of the rectal, vaginal, and perineal areas, or it may be used if the patient experiences back discomfort when lying supine.
Can be used for digital examination of the vagina and rectum, but not used if an instrument is needed.
Drape: completely draped , diamond shaped until the physician is present.

36
Q

Lithotomy position:

Describe the position and what it is used for?

A

Patient on his or her back with the knees sharply flexed and the arms at the sides or folded over the chest, have the patient slide the buttocks down to the bottom edge of the table. Support the feet in stirrups placed wide apart.
Drape: diagonally over the patient abdomen and knees.
Pushed for primarily for vaginal examinations that require the use of a speculum and for Pap smears.

Do not place the patient in this position until the doctor is ready or in the room.

37
Q

Sims position:

Describe the position and what it is used for?

A

Sometimes called lateral position.
Patient is placed on the left side, the left arm and shoulder are drawn back behind the body so that the body’s weight is predominantly in the chest. The right arm us flexed upward. The drape extends diagonally from under the arms to below the knees.
Used for rectal examinations, for installation of rectal medication, and for some perineal and pelvic examinations.

38
Q

Prone position:

Describe the position and what it is used for?

A

Patient lies face down on the table on the ventral surface of the body.
The drape : should cover from the middle of the back to below the knees, with the grow opening in the back.
In a female, the drape should extend high enough to cover the Brett’s I’d the oak tie t is to turned over to the Dora’s recumbent position during the examination.
Used for examination of the back and for certain surgical precedures.

39
Q

Knee-chest position:

Describe the position and what it is used for?

A

The patient rests on the knees and the chest with the head turned to one side. The arms can be placed under the head for support and comfort, or they can be sent and placed at the sides of the table near the head. The thighs are perpendicular to the table and slightly separated. The buttocks extend up into the air, and the back should be straight.
Used for proctologist examination and for sigmoid, rectal, and occasionally vaginal examinations.
The gown: should be open in the back, sheet should be diagonally over the patients back.

40
Q

Trendelenburgs position:

Describe the position and what it is used for?

A

Used if the patient has sever hypotension or shock. Can only be achieved if the examination table separates so that the head

41
Q

What is palpating?

A

The examiner uses the sense of touch .

42
Q

What is percussion?

A

Percussion involves tapping or striking the body .

43
Q

What is auscultation?

A

The physician uses s stethoscope to listen to sound arising from the body.

44
Q

What is mensuration?

A

The process of measuring

45
Q

What is manipulation?

A

Is the passive movement of a joint to determine the range of extension or flexing of a part of the body.

46
Q

Cardiovascular functions?

A

Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart, which pumps it into the lungs; oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta and branching arteries to cells throughout the body.

47
Q

The body system endocrine: what are its functions?

A

Produce hormones that circulate in the blood to target tissue that stimulates a particular action.

48
Q

The body system integumentary: what are its functions?

A

Protection, temperature regulation, senses organ activity.

49
Q

The body system gastrointestinal: what are its functions?

A

Mastication, swallowing, digestion, absorption of nutrients, excretion of waste materials.

50
Q

The body system lymphatic and immune: what are its functions?

A

Maintained fluid balance, protects internal environment , defends agents foreign cells and disease, provides immunity to come diseases.
,

51
Q

The body system musculoskeletal : what are its functions?

A

Movement, posture, heat production, support, protection, mineral storage.

52
Q

The body system nervous: what are its functions?

A

Controls body structure to maintain homeostasis, higher order thinking and reflex centers that control autonomic process, carries sensory stimulus to the brain and motor impulses to the periphery

53
Q

The body system reproductive: what are its functions?

A

Produces hormones, reproduction

54
Q

The body system respiratory : what are its functions?

A

Responsible for inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide externally and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide internally at the cellular level

55
Q

The body system sensory: what are its functions?

A

Helps sense changes in the external and internal environments through vision., hearing, balance and taste and smell..

56
Q

The body system urinary: what are its functions?

A

Filters waste material from the blood.

57
Q

Another word for flat? To describe epithelial tissue.

A

Squamous

58
Q

Another word to describe the square shape in tissue.

A

Cuboidal

59
Q

Another word to describe “long and narrow” in tissue.

A

Columnar

60
Q

Another term to describe tissue that is “varying in shapes that can stretch? “

A

Transitional

61
Q

Epithelial cells may be arranged in a single layer of cells of the same shape, what is this called?

A

Simple epithelium

62
Q

Many layers of cells named according to the shape of cells in the outer layer?

A

Stratified epithelium

63
Q

The study of tissue is called?

A

Histology

64
Q

Anatomy is ?

A

The study of how the body is shaped and structured

65
Q

Physiology is?

A

The study of body functions.

Chapter Test Study Guide (4 decks)

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