Chapter 31 Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

yeasts

A

single celled fungal body

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2
Q

hyphae

A

a network of tiny filaments; consists of tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cells

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3
Q

chitin

A

a strong but flexible polysaccharide; makes up cell wall in fungi; novel

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4
Q

septa

A

divides hyphae into cells

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5
Q

coenocytic fungi

A

continuous cytoplasmic mass having hundreds or thousands of interwoven nuclei

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6
Q

mycelium

A

an interwoven mass that infiltrates the material on which the fungus feeds

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7
Q

haustoria

A

specialized hyphae which the fungus uses to extract nutrients from, or exchange nutrients with, their plant hosts

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8
Q

mycorrhizae

A

mutually beneficial relationships between such fungi and plant roots

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9
Q

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

A

one main type of mycorrhizal fungi; form seats of hyphae over the surface of a root and typically grow into the extra cellular spaces of the root cortex

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10
Q

abuscular mycorrhizal fungi

A

mycorrhizal fungi; extend branching hyphae through the root cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane

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11
Q

spores

A

dispersed haploid cells that form new mycelia after germinating

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12
Q

pheromones

A

sexual signaling molecules released from hyphae from two mycelia

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13
Q

plasmogamy

A

the union of the cytoplasms of two parent mycelia

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14
Q

heterokaryon

A

the haploid nuclei contributed by each parent do not fuse right away; parts of the fused mycelium contain coexisting, genetically different nuclei

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15
Q

dikaryotic

A

the haploid nuclei pair of two to a cell, one from each parent

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16
Q

karyogamy

A

the haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents fuse, producing diploid cells

17
Q

molds

A

reproduce asexually by growing as filamentous fungi that produce haploid spores by mitosis; form visible mycelium

18
Q

deuteromyctes

A

all fungi lacking sexual reproduction

19
Q

opisthokonts

A

fungi, animals, and protistan relatives; posterior flagellum

20
Q

nucleariids

A

unicellular protists; amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria

21
Q

chytrids

A

the globular fruiting body forms multicellular, branched hyphae; ubiquitous in lakes and soil

22
Q

zoospores

A

flagellated spores unique to chytrids