Chapter 31 Fungi Flashcards
yeasts
single celled fungal body
hyphae
a network of tiny filaments; consists of tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cells
chitin
a strong but flexible polysaccharide; makes up cell wall in fungi; novel
septa
divides hyphae into cells
coenocytic fungi
continuous cytoplasmic mass having hundreds or thousands of interwoven nuclei
mycelium
an interwoven mass that infiltrates the material on which the fungus feeds
haustoria
specialized hyphae which the fungus uses to extract nutrients from, or exchange nutrients with, their plant hosts
mycorrhizae
mutually beneficial relationships between such fungi and plant roots
Ectomycorrhizal fungi
one main type of mycorrhizal fungi; form seats of hyphae over the surface of a root and typically grow into the extra cellular spaces of the root cortex
abuscular mycorrhizal fungi
mycorrhizal fungi; extend branching hyphae through the root cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane
spores
dispersed haploid cells that form new mycelia after germinating
pheromones
sexual signaling molecules released from hyphae from two mycelia
plasmogamy
the union of the cytoplasms of two parent mycelia
heterokaryon
the haploid nuclei contributed by each parent do not fuse right away; parts of the fused mycelium contain coexisting, genetically different nuclei
dikaryotic
the haploid nuclei pair of two to a cell, one from each parent